4264663
Description
Mind Map by Georgia Hammersley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Georgia Hammersley
over 10 years ago
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|
Success of the
Establishment
of Outremer
- Italian States of Genoa
- After Baldin I was
elected in 1110 - left
with about 300
soldiers --> mass army
had returned after the
capture of Jerusalem
- coastal towns were in the hands of Muslims at the time -->
Baldwin purchased the assistance of Italian fleets. - Genoese
fleets were enlisted against Caesarea (1101), Tartous (1102),
Acre and Jubail (1104) and Tripoli (11109) --> the price of
assitance was 1/3 of the booty and a trading quarter in each
town it helped to take. Venice (Genoa's trading rival) lent fleets
in 1110 again Beyrouth and Sidon and in 1124 against Tyre. PisLaodicicaa
gave assistance to Bohemund of Antioch against
- brough supplies and troops to Outremer in return for tax exemptions and other legal
immunities. --> began to form colonies - profits from trade went into Italian coffers.
- e.g. acre had a separate Genoaese commuity -- different privilsges, judicial process and rights.
- e.g. acre had a separate Genoaese commuity -- different privilsges, judicial process and rights.
- Defence problem - coastal towns in
danger of attacks from all sides - esp.
Egypt who had a large fleet Outremer
had no sea power except from what had
been bought from the Italians - which
was only a small force
- coastal towns were in the hands of Muslims at the time -->
Baldwin purchased the assistance of Italian fleets. - Genoese
fleets were enlisted against Caesarea (1101), Tartous (1102),
Acre and Jubail (1104) and Tripoli (11109) --> the price of
assitance was 1/3 of the booty and a trading quarter in each
town it helped to take. Venice (Genoa's trading rival) lent fleets
in 1110 again Beyrouth and Sidon and in 1124 against Tyre. PisLaodicicaa
gave assistance to Bohemund of Antioch against
- desribed as a 'lifeline' --provided a secure and fast route for goods and people to arrive.
- opportunities to boost levantine economy
- part of acre's income was the pilgrim industry - the seaport provided a fast route and food, rest and guidance before they reached Jerusalem.
- Trade was the single most important generators of revenue for the states - vital for settlers to have an
outlet of goods in order to make money and sustain their basic needs --> sugar and spices were highly
sought after in europe and outerwear taxed these goods and esablished trade along with the Italian
states.
- Links to trade elsewhere - the seaports helped outerwear become
part of a large, pre-existing trade network, which linked with the
West, Byzantium and Egypt together
- export sugars and spices
- import metals, cotton and
foods that weren't available
in the east
- export sugars and spices
- Links to trade elsewhere - the seaports helped outerwear become
part of a large, pre-existing trade network, which linked with the
West, Byzantium and Egypt together
- part of acre's income was the pilgrim industry - the seaport provided a fast route and food, rest and guidance before they reached Jerusalem.
- Made it safer - after the capture of Ascalon in 1153, there
was no longer a safe place for the franks an egyptian fleet
to stop and get water -- prevented attacks on sea ports and
european ships.
- After Baldin I was
elected in 1110 - left
with about 300
soldiers --> mass army
had returned after the
capture of Jerusalem
- Military orders
- Hospitallers founded in 1113 and
Templars Founded in 1119 - Tripoli
was captured in 1109.
- stength wasn't great
--> in 1187 130
knights
overwhelmed
against moslem
forces. + there
wasn't a large
number of them to
start with.
- Organised kingdoms on a
- knights secured trade routes and roads - in 1108
they attacked a caravan that had no payed the
toll --> shows control of the knights under
Baldwin I rule.
- after 1099 only 300 knights were left to
defend Outremer. The frontier of the
Lebanon mountains and the Jordan
Valley left the states open to attack
from inland cities (e.g. Aleppo &
Damascus). The castles were vital to
hold passes and river crossings -
outremer relied heavily on these castles
for the defence of the states. An
intensive castle building program was
brought about under the order of
Baldwin I.
- Responsible for the defence of these states
- e.g. the Hospitallers owned Krak de
Chevalier which was an impregnable castle.
dominated the homs pass through the
mountains of northern tripoli, guarding a
valley which sweeps from the syrian
interior through lebanon to the sea.
- .g. Belvoir - 'great
frontier' -- Riley
Smith
- Basras (templar) commanded the Beylan pass in Antioch
- Gaza (templar)
dominated norther
south coast and
guarded the border
with Egypt -
blockaded the
muslims that hold
the city of scallion
(until 1153)
- Ronnie Ellenblum - can't have been built to defend fixed borders or frontiers - 19th cent. idea
- during first 15 years - 25 castles conquered and 8 new built -- tended to build mainly in cities -- how could they defend frontiers?
- between 1115 and 1169 - intensive castle building --> yet
Jerusalem was relatively secure and it was a calm period --> new
fortifications build in rural/ remote areas for the purpose of
agriculture and administration
- edessa is lost ultimatley - really good defence?
- during first 15 years - 25 castles conquered and 8 new built -- tended to build mainly in cities -- how could they defend frontiers?
- Responsible for the defence of these states
- e.g. the Hospitallers owned Krak de
Chevalier which was an impregnable castle.
dominated the homs pass through the
mountains of northern tripoli, guarding a
valley which sweeps from the syrian
interior through lebanon to the sea.
- commitment, disciplined & permenant --> inspired others and led to financial support for the beleaguered kingdom
- strong support from the west.
- strong support from the west.
- highly trained and good knowledge of country - known for courage and were feared by the enemy
- ruined alliance between Jerusalem and the assassins (rashid ed din) --> murdered Rashi's envoys --- immune to arrest
- blamed for
failure of
battle of
Hattin 1187 -
army fought
and died.
- Hospitallers founded in 1113 and
Templars Founded in 1119 - Tripoli
was captured in 1109.
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