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Second Language Acquisition
(Savannah Davey)
- Interlanguage Theory (60)
- Selinker's hypothesis
- "Learner's language should be viewed as
creative, with rules unique to itself, and not
just a borrowed or incomplete form of the
target language" (60).
- Imperfect, but represents a "learner variety of the target language" (60).
- Draws from:
- Rules of their own language
- A general knowledge about the
way languages work
- Rules of the new language,
acquired gradually.
- Rules of their own language
- Draws from:
- Imperfect, but represents a "learner variety of the target language" (60).
- As I have previously expressed interest in, I think the
acceptance of dialect and language blending in the
classroom will build confidence and skills.
- Illustrates the mixing elements of both languages (existing and currently acquiring).
(http://sychopedagogytorres.blogspot.com)
- Illustrates the mixing elements of both languages (existing and currently acquiring).
(http://sychopedagogytorres.blogspot.com)
- Selinker's hypothesis
- Krashen's Theories (2)
- Affective Filter Hypothesis
(61)
- "Addresses emotional variables,
including anxiety, motivation, and
self-confidence" (61).
- Incredibly important because these
factors can disrupt or support language
acquisition input - resulting in an
increase or decrease in skills (61).
- Incredibly important because these
factors can disrupt or support language
acquisition input - resulting in an
increase or decrease in skills (61).
- Can be applied in classroom through monitoring
student responses (positive or negative) and offering
words of encouragement to students at every stage.
- Mr. Chris is a special education teacher who spends the first 10 minutes of
class to individually encourage and support his students - several who are
apraxic. ( http://newschannel20.com)
- Mr. Chris is a special education teacher who spends the first 10 minutes of
class to individually encourage and support his students - several who are
apraxic. ( http://newschannel20.com)
- "Addresses emotional variables,
including anxiety, motivation, and
self-confidence" (61).
- Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
(61)
- "Learning is 'knowing about' a
language (formal knowledge).
Acquisition is an unconscious process
that occurs when language is used for
real communication" (61).
- Krashen considers
acquisition to be more
important than learning (61).
- Krashen considers
acquisition to be more
important than learning (61).
- As previously stated, Kashen suggests a move away from "learning"
(like drilling grammar concepts) and this could be implemented by
teaching by doing: have students experience/investigate/discuss the
content.
- An immersive linguistic experience like study abroad would be an example of
Kashen's "real communication."
(https://www.tes.com/lessons/HgTXjDtypI58pg/studying-abroad)
- An immersive linguistic experience like study abroad would be an example of
Kashen's "real communication."
(https://www.tes.com/lessons/HgTXjDtypI58pg/studying-abroad)
- "Learning is 'knowing about' a
language (formal knowledge).
Acquisition is an unconscious process
that occurs when language is used for
real communication" (61).
- Affective Filter Hypothesis
(61)
- Bilingualism and
Cognition
- Jim Cummins
- Advocate of "critical literacy" as
part of reform for Latino
achievement - as opposed to "functional literacy" (62).
- Advocate of "critical literacy" as
part of reform for Latino
achievement - as opposed to "functional literacy" (62).
- His research "furthered the belief that being bilingual is a
cognitive advantage and that knowledge of a first language
provides a firm foundation for a second acquisition" (62).
- Encouraging ELLs with this theory - that they may already have
the well-established foundation to build English skills upon.
Also shows that you view their native tongue as valuable,
which may have been discouraged by previous educators.
- https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/2015/11/26/bilingualism-eases-stroke-recovery/
- https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/2015/11/26/bilingualism-eases-stroke-recovery/
- Encouraging ELLs with this theory - that they may already have
the well-established foundation to build English skills upon.
Also shows that you view their native tongue as valuable,
which may have been discouraged by previous educators.
- Cognitive approach is based on the idea that
learners have a significant amount of
previous knowledge about the world (61).
- Jim Cummins
- Meaning-Centered
Approaches
- Supported by Halliday (63)
- "Language is a complex system for creating
meanings through socially shared
conventions" (63).
- "Language is social in that it occurs within a
community of users who attach agreed-on
meaning to their experiences" (63).
- "Language is social in that it occurs within a
community of users who attach agreed-on
meaning to their experiences" (63).
- "Language is a complex system for creating
meanings through socially shared
conventions" (63).
- This theory is based on the input/feedback the receive from
others (oral or written) - therefore I think collaborative work
done in groups with native speakers would be a way to apply
this method while building peer relationships in the classroom.
- http://www.multivu.com
- Supported by Halliday (63)
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