people no longer attend church 'to be
seen' so church attendance is now more
of a personal choice
NO OBLIGATION
New formed religions can grow
'Vicarious Religions' are increasing- a group of
clergy worship on behalf of a group of people
Multiple modernities in each country
Hervieu-Leger 'Spiritual Shopper'
'Cultural Amnesia' people are
no longer remembering the
religion they were born into
Young people are now
choosing to shop around
to find their own belief
system
Lyon 'Jesus in Disneyland
The media gives us
access to different
religions from around
the world
We can worship through the
media without having to leave out
homes to attend a service
The church has become deinstitutionalised
We can construct identities
though what we consume
Religion is a 'sphere of consumption'
People may have left religious organisations but HAVE
NOT abandoned religion. They are 'religious consumers'
pricing together different pieces of religions to make use
of them.
Re-enchantment of the word
Stark and Bainbridge, Religious Market Theory
1. People are naturally religious as it meets human needs
2. Rational choices made by people are based on the
benefits of religion
Religion provides up with
supernatural compensators
for when things go wrong.
we don't live forever, but we have life after death
Only religion can provide us with this.
Whist church attendance is declining,
there is a market gap for sects and
cults.
The church will try and make religions
more attractive by offering new services
to its believers.
Norris and Inglehart, Existential Security Theory
Reject market theory as they say it only applies to America
religion meets a need for security
where people feel they are insecure, religion provides them religion- popular with LOW INCOME families/groups.
3rd world and poor families are especially religious
'The feeling that survival is secure enough that it
can be taken for granted'