The Great Leap Forward (2nd 5-year plan)-1958

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g-jacqmin
Mind Map by g-jacqmin, updated more than 1 year ago
g-jacqmin
Created by g-jacqmin about 8 years ago
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The Great Leap Forward (2nd 5-year plan)-1958
  1. Why?
    1. Mao wanted another revolution to take control of agriculture and industry
      1. China's vast resource of manpower were not being used effectively
        1. Still a lot of unemployment
        2. Mao wanted to turn China into a powerful industrial nation as quickly as possible
          1. Wanted to overtake Britain and the USA's economy in 20/30 years
        3. Party Propaganda
          1. Posters, slogans +newspaper articles encouraged: mass enthusiasm+ long hours of work no matter the conditions
          2. Industry
            1. Higher targets for industry+agriculture introduced
              1. Big money industries introduced to solve unemployment
                1. Small commune factories set-up to make cement, chemical fertilisers etc...
                  1. Steel : 600,000 'backyard' steel furnaces in towns+villages --> 11 million tonnes produced= 65% more than 1957
                  2. Communes
                    1. Communes (collective farms):24,000 communes. Average population= 30,000
                      1. 1958: 90% of people (700 million) organised into communes
                        1. Big enough to tackle big projects + set their own local coal, iron, steel industries
                        2. Results
                          1. Industry
                            1. Thousands of small factories= inefficient +wasteful
                              1. Much of iron+steel was of poor quality --> cannot be used
                              2. Agriculture
                                1. Workers switched to industry --> food production fell
                                  1. 1961: grain had to be imported
                                    1. 1959-62: 3 years of disastrous harvests caused by floods+droughts
                                      1. 1960: harvest reduced by 144 million tonnes
                                        1. 1959-62: 20 million Chinese died of starvation + related diseases
                                        2. Communes
                                          1. Many too large to be run efficiently
                                            1. Peasants resented loss of family life+ private plots
                                          2. Why it failed
                                            1. Natural disasters: Serious droughts +widespread flooding
                                              1. Relationship with Russia: Mao fell out with Soviet Leader -> 1960: all soviet engineers returned home+left factories unfinished
                                                1. Nonsensical: Investment, technology+ planning were rejected by Mao. Feared he would lose control to a group of 'experts'
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