Chemistry of Life

Elements of Life
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
Other Important Elements
1. Sulfur
2. Calcium
3. Phosphorus
4. Iron
5. Sodium
6. Chlorine
Water
1. Hydrogen Bonding
2. Properties
  1. Transparency
  2. High Heat Capacity
  3. Polarity - solvent
  4. Cohesion-Adhesion
Organic Molecules
1. Carbohydrates
  1. Monosaccharide
    1. Glucose
    2. Galactose
    3. Ribose/Deoxyribose
    4. Fructose
  2. Disaccharide
    1. Maltose
    2. Lactose
    3. Sucrose
  3. Polysaccharide
    1. Starch
    2. Glycogen
    3. Cellulose
    4. Chitin
2. Lipids
  1. Types
    1. Oil
    2. Fat
    3. Hormones
    4. Phospholipids
  2. Saturation
3. Proteins
  1. Amino Acids
    1. Polarity
  2. Types
    1. Primary
    2. Secondary
      1. Alpha Helix
      2. Beta Pleated Sheet
    3. Tertiary
    4. Quaternary
      1. Conjugated
    5. Fibrous
    6. Globular
4. Nucleic Acids
  1. Nucleotides
    1. Phosphate
    2. Deoxy/Ribose Sugar
    3. Nitrogenous Base
      1. Adenine
      2. Thymine
      3. Cytosine
      4. Guanine
  2. DNA
    1. Double stranded
      1. Antiparallel
        5'
        3'
    2. Histone
    3. Types
      1. Highly repetitive sequences
      2. Protein-coding genes
      3. Structural DNA
  3. RNA
    1. Uracil
    2. mRNA
    3. tRNA
    4. rRNA
Condensation
1. Hydrolysis
Enzymes
1. Activation Energy
  1. Exothermic
  2. Endothermic
2. Specificity
  1. pH
  2. Temperature
  3. Substrate
    1. Lock-and-key
    2. Induce fit
    3. Effect of Concentration
3. Enzyme Mechanism
4. Inhibition
  1. Competitive
  2. Non-competitive/Allosteric
  3. End-product
DNA Replication
1. Enzymes
  1. DNA Helicase
  2. DNA Polymerase III
  3. RNA Primase
    1. Okazaki fragments
  4. DNA Polymerase I
  5. DNA Ligase
Transcription
1. Steps
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
  4. Splicing
    1. Introns
    2. Exons
2. Enzymes
  1. Helicase
  2. RNA polymerase
3. Genetic code
  1. Universal
  2. Triplets
    1. Codons
      1. AUG - Start
      2. Stop
        UAA
        UAG
        UGA
Translation
1. Materials
  1. mRNA
  2. tRNA
    1. Clover shape
    2. Amino acid attachment site - ACC
    3. Anti-codon
  3. rRNA
  4. Amino acids
  5. ATP
  6. Enzymes
2. Steps
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination

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Chemistry of Life

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	Created by Patricia Rothen about 11 years ago