holderness coast (nearly finished

coastal erosion
1. reasons
  1. It had an easily eroded rock type. most of the cliff was made of till (Or boulder clay). it could easily be eroded and was prone to slumping when wet
  2. Narrow beaches- as beaches slow the waves reducing erosive power, narrow beaches protect the cliffs less. this was because lamborough head stops sediment from the north replenishing the beaches along holderness. there was also a coastal defences trapping sediment meaning less deposition could be carried further.
  3. Powerful waves- the waves were very powerful because of the long fetch (from the Arctic ocean) and the coast faces the dominant wind direction (from the north east.
2. Impacts
  1. social
    1. property prices along the coast have fallen sharply for those houses at risk from erosion
    2. around 20 villages from Roman times have been lost
  2. economic
    1. Visitor numbers have dropped over 30% between 1998 and 2006
    2. many caravan parks are at risk from erosion such as the sea side caravan park at Ulrome losing an average of 10 pitches a year.
    3. 2 million was spent at mapleton 1991 to protect the coast
    4. The gas terminal at eastington is at risk (only 25m from the edge of the cliff) it accounts for 25% of british gas supply
    5. 80'000m of good farmland is lost each year having a huge effect of farmers livlihoods
  3. enviornmental
    1. Some SSSI's (sites of scientific interest) are threatened -e. lagoons near easington part of SSSI. it has a colony of over 1% of british breading population of little terns. The lagoons are separated from the sea by a narrow strip of sand and shingle. erosion of this would connect the lakes to the sea and 'the lagoons' would be destroyed.
Hard engineering
1. Hard
  1. bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall as well as timber groynes
  2. Two rock groynes and a 500m long revetment were built at mapletown in 1991. they cost 2 million pounds to protect and were built to protect the village and B1242 coastal road.
  3. There are Groynes and a sea wall at withwensea . some rip rap was also placed in front of the wall after it was damaged in severe storms in 1992.
  4. There is a concrete sea wall, timber groynes and riprap at Hornsea that protect the village
  5. Gabions just south of Hornsea protect Hornsea Caravan park
  6. Gas terminal at eastington protected by a revetment
  7. Eastern side of spurn head protected by Groynes and rip rap.
2. successfulness
holderness coast is 61 km long located from flamborough head to spurn head. in some places e.g Great Cowden, the rate of erosion has been over 10m a year. the average rate of erosion per year is 1.5

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holderness coast (nearly finished

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	Created by Aidan S.G almost 8 years ago