Thermal Physics

Description

Summary of A2 Thermal Physics
dylan johnson
Mind Map by dylan johnson, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
SarahBarrett
Created by SarahBarrett about 10 years ago
dylan johnson
Copied by dylan johnson over 7 years ago
7
0

Resource summary

Thermal Physics
  1. Solids, Liquids and Gasses
    1. Energy change = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
      1. Specific Heat Capacity - Energy needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1K
      2. Solids - Fixed positions, strong attraction between molecules
        1. Liquid - constantly moving, attraction between molecules
          1. Gas - constant random motion, no attraction
            1. Specific Latent Heat of fusion of vaporisation is the thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance
              1. Energy change = SLH x mass
            2. Ideal Gasses
              1. Boyle's Law: pV=constant
                1. Charles' Law: V/T=constant
                  1. Pressure Law: p/T = constant
                    1. - Large number of molecules in rapid random motion - Collision between molecules are elastic - Gravitational force is negligible - no intermolecular forces except during collisions - total volumes of molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the container -
                      1. pV=nRT n-number of moles, R-molar gas constant
                        1. R = 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1
                        2. pV=NkT N-number of molecules, k-Boltzmann's constant
                          1. k = R/Avagadro's constant = 1.38x10 JK^-1
                            1. Avagadro's constant = 6.02x10^23 mol^1
                            2. For one molecule of gas
                          2. Pressure of Ideal Gasses
                            1. Pressure is the combined force of all the molecules colliding with the walls of the container at any given time
                              1. The force a particle exerts in proportion to it's change of momentum (2 x mass x velocity) when it rebound of a wall
                              2. c bar squared is the square of the mean speed of a particle
                                1. Real gasses are closest to ideal gasses when the pressure is low but the temperature is high
                                2. Internal Energy andTemperature
                                  1. Change of state is a change in Internal energy, but not temperature because molecules gain potential energy, not kinetic
                                    1. Thermal energy is always transferred from higher temperature regions to lower ones
                                      1. The higher the temperature - both the average and maximum speeds increase, and the speed distribution in the gas also increases
                                        1. When particles collide, sometimes they can either gain or lose speed (and energy), this doesn't alter the total energy in the system
                                          1. Internal Energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in the system
                                            1. Kinetic Energy=(3/2)kT
                                              1. Average kinetic energy is proportional to Boltzmann's constant x absolute temperature
                                            2. K = C + 273
                                              Show full summary Hide full summary

                                              Similar

                                              AQA Physics P1 Quiz
                                              Bella Statham
                                              GCSE AQA Physics - Unit 3
                                              James Jolliffe
                                              Using GoConqr to study science
                                              Sarah Egan
                                              GCSE AQA Physics 1 Energy & Efficiency
                                              Lilac Potato
                                              Waves
                                              kate.siena
                                              Forces and their effects
                                              kate.siena
                                              Junior Cert Physics formulas
                                              Sarah Egan
                                              Forces and motion
                                              Catarina Borges
                                              OCR Physics P4 Revision
                                              Dan Allibone
                                              P2 Radioactivity and Stars
                                              dfreeman
                                              Physics 1A - Energy
                                              Zaki Rizvi