The Twilight Years

Demographics
1. Ahmed
  1. 75 yrs
2. Mariam
  1. 65 yrs
Coping with a dying relative
1. Stage 1: Crisis
2. Stage 2: Unity
3. Stage 3: Upheavel
4. Stage 4: Resolution
5. Stage 5: Renewal
Nutrition of the elderly
1. energy requirement is reduced
2. regularly eating food sources of the vitamin
3. Vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplementation
4. Good nutrition can protect from many age-related conditions
5. malnutrition and obesity are more common
  1. Obesity
    1. How is it measured
      1. BMI
        better to have a BMI between 25 and 27 for elderly
        weight (kg)/(height (m))^2
      2. Waist Circumference
      3. Waist-to-Hip Ratio
      4. Bioelectric Impedance (BIA)
      5. Underwater Weighing (Densitometry)
      6. Skinfold Thickness
    2. rates in the UAE
      1. 47.5% overweight
        Nadin M-Bassam Adi U15101378 Group:K Week: 6
      2. 13% obese
Age Related Diseases
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Osteoporosis
3. Cardiovascular disease
  1. atherosclerosis
  2. Myocardial infarction
    1. necrosis of heart muscle due to to ischemia
      1. Causes
        A tear in the plaque
        buildup of plaque blocks the coronary arteries
      2. Symptoms
        Crushing chest pain
        May radiate
        Dyspnia
        Rapid Heart rate and low blood pressure
        Nausea, vomiting, weekness
      3. Diagnosis
        ECG
        Laboratory Tests
        Echocardiogram
  3. Cardiac Hypertrophy
4. Alzheimer
5. Type 2 Diabetes
Geriatric Rehabilitation
1. Family caregiving
2. Institutional care
  1. Services provided
    1. Physical Therapy
    2. Occupational Therapy
    3. Speech-language Therapy
    4. Psychology and Neuropsychology
3. Community care
  1. Home Nursing services
  2. Nutrition and dietetic
  3. Occupational therapy
  4. Equipment service
Systems affected by aging
1. Nervous system
  1. Loss of neurons in CNS
  2. Brain Size decrease
  3. Synaptic transmission decrease
2. Circulatory system
  1. Thickening of the heart valves
  2. blood pressure increase
  3. Formation of plaques (Atherosclerosis) & Hardening of the arteries (Arteriosclerosis)
3. Respiratory system
  1. Alveolar surface area decrease
  2. Elastic recoil of the lung decrease
4. Urinary system
  1. decrease in structure and function of the kidney and bladder
    1. Glomerular filtration rate decrease
    2. 50 % decrease in bladder capacity
    3. Micturition reflex is affected
5. Digestive system
  1. Motility decrease
  2. Constipation, inflammation & bleeding
  3. Loss of control of the internal and external sphincters
  4. Less Innervation
  5. hormonal secretion decrease
  6. Hepatic drug metabolism is altered
  7. Gallstones risk increase
6. Integumentary system
  1. All functions of the skin are affected
  2. decrease in thickness of dermis
  3. Loss of subcutaneous fat
  4. Reduced skin elastisity
7. Muscular system
  1. Reduction in elasticity, strength,Innervation, and muscle atrophy
8. Skeletal system
  1. Bone density decrease
  2. Cartilage and connective tissue are altered
9. Reproductive system
  1. Female
    1. Menopause
      1. Ovarian failure, Uterus size decrease & fallopian tube thins
      2. Begins around age 47, and is complete by age 55
      3. No estrogen
        Hot flushes
        Mood swings
        Unstable control of blood flow
        Osteoporosis
  2. Male
    1. Andropause
      1. decrease in testosterone and testes size
Healing and repair of tissues
1. Stages
  1. Inflammation
  2. Granulation tissue
  3. Regeneration & Fibrosis
2. Delayed in elderlies
  1. Decreased metabolic reserve
  2. Changes in the immune system
  3. Diseases of the elderly
3. How to improve it
  1. Physical activity
  2. Vitamin C
  3. Zinc supplements
Functional Assessment and Screening
1. to evaluate an elderly's
  1. functional ability
  2. physical health
  3. mental health
2. Information gathered is used to
  1. develop a comprehensive plan for therapy
  2. help in the process of long-term care decision-making
UAE Population
1. 9,266,000 population
2. Elderly percentage is 11.32% from total population
Preventive and promotive measures in elderly
1. Disease prevention
  1. Levels of Prevention
    1. Primary prevention
    2. Secondary prevention
    3. Tertiary prevention
2. Health promotion
Biological basis of aging
1. Evolutionary Theory
2. Telomere theory
3. Reproductive cell cycle theory
4. DNA damage theory
5. Autoimmunity
Cell Death
1. Apoptosis
2. Necrosis
Fed and fast states
1. Fed state
  1. high levels of nutrients in blood
  2. high levels of insulin
2. Fast state
  1. nutrients are stored, or used for synthesis of cell components
  2. blood glucose levels fall
  3. Low levels of insulin

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The Twilight Years

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	Created by Nadeen Adi over 9 years ago