693461
Description
Mind Map by rachel.lang, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rachel.lang
almost 12 years ago
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Cognitive Psychology:
Memory
- Memory in
everyday
life
- Eyewitness Testimony
- Misleading information
- Loftus
- 150 uni students saw a video of a car crash.
Condition 1: asked about a barn. Condition 2: weren't
asked about a barn. 13 condition 1 said they saw a
barn 1 week later, 2 condition 2 said they saw a barn
- 150 uni students saw a video of a car crash.
Condition 1: asked about a barn. Condition 2: weren't
asked about a barn. 13 condition 1 said they saw a
barn 1 week later, 2 condition 2 said they saw a barn
- Loftus and Zanni
- 100 students ere shown a video of a car crash. Condition 1: 'Did
you see the broken headlight?' Condition 2: 'Did you see a broken
headlight?' 15% of condition 1 said yes, 7% of condition 2 said yes
- 100 students ere shown a video of a car crash. Condition 1: 'Did
you see the broken headlight?' Condition 2: 'Did you see a broken
headlight?' 15% of condition 1 said yes, 7% of condition 2 said yes
- List
- Developed 8 events that were likely to show up in a shoplifting
scenario and then asked people to rate the likelihood of them
happening. New participants watched a video of a shoplifter and
a week later they were asked what they saw. They recalled the
most likely events whether they had occurred or not.
- schemas
- schemas
- Developed 8 events that were likely to show up in a shoplifting
scenario and then asked people to rate the likelihood of them
happening. New participants watched a video of a shoplifter and
a week later they were asked what they saw. They recalled the
most likely events whether they had occurred or not.
- Loftus
- Anxiety
- Loftus
- Condition 1: heard talking and a man with a pen and oil in his hands.
Condition 2: heard arguing and a man with a knife and blood on his
hands. 49% of condition 1 could identify the man, 33% of condition 2
could identify the man
- weapon focus
- weapon focus
- Condition 1: heard talking and a man with a pen and oil in his hands.
Condition 2: heard arguing and a man with a knife and blood on his
hands. 49% of condition 1 could identify the man, 33% of condition 2
could identify the man
- Loftus and Burns
- Participants were shown a video of a bank robbery. Condition 1: a boy
is shot in the face. Condition 2: boy runs across the screen. 4% of
condition 1 remember the number on the boys shirt, 27.9% of condition
remember the number.
- Participants were shown a video of a bank robbery. Condition 1: a boy
is shot in the face. Condition 2: boy runs across the screen. 4% of
condition 1 remember the number on the boys shirt, 27.9% of condition
remember the number.
- Yuille and Cutshall
- Real life. Gun shop robbery in Canada, witnesses
were interviewed five months later and their testimony
was found to be very accurate.
- Real life. Gun shop robbery in Canada, witnesses
were interviewed five months later and their testimony
was found to be very accurate.
- Loftus
- Age
- Poole and Lindsay
- Children aged 3-8 took part in a science
demonstration and were then read a story.
Only the older children were able to distinguish
between the experiment and the story
- Children aged 3-8 took part in a science
demonstration and were then read a story.
Only the older children were able to distinguish
between the experiment and the story
- Flin
- Children and adults were asked questions about an
incident 1 day and 5 months after if happened. Children
weren't able to remember much after 5 months.
- Children and adults were asked questions about an
incident 1 day and 5 months after if happened. Children
weren't able to remember much after 5 months.
- Anastasi and Rhodes
- Tested 3 age groups. Each participant was shown photographs of a mixture of age
groups. They were later shown 48 photos, half of which they had already seen. They
were asked to identify these photos.The participants were better at recognising
photographs of their own age groups.
- Tested 3 age groups. Each participant was shown photographs of a mixture of age
groups. They were later shown 48 photos, half of which they had already seen. They
were asked to identify these photos.The participants were better at recognising
photographs of their own age groups.
- Poole and Lindsay
- Misleading information
- Cognitive Interview
- Context restatement
- recall the scene, the weather,
what you were think and feeling
- recalling how you felt and the context enhance
recall (these details act as cues to recall)
- recalling how you felt and the context enhance
recall (these details act as cues to recall)
- recall the scene, the weather,
what you were think and feeling
- Report everything
- report every detail you can even
if they seem irrelevant or trivial
- witnesses don't always realise how
important some details are
- witnesses don't always realise how
important some details are
- report every detail you can even
if they seem irrelevant or trivial
- Changed perspectives
- describe the event as it would have
been seen from different viewpoints
- encourages many retrieval paths
- encourages many retrieval paths
- describe the event as it would have
been seen from different viewpoints
- Reverse order
- describe the event in
reverse order
- when events are recalled in forward order,
witnesses reconstruct based on their schemas. if
the order is changed they are more accurate
- when events are recalled in forward order,
witnesses reconstruct based on their schemas. if
the order is changed they are more accurate
- describe the event in
reverse order
- Context restatement
- Memory Aids
- Method of loci
- where material to be remembered is placed mentally
in familiar locations. it can be recollected by
revisiting the locations mentally when it is required
- where material to be remembered is placed mentally
in familiar locations. it can be recollected by
revisiting the locations mentally when it is required
- Acrostics
- using the first letter of each word
to create a new sentence
- using the first letter of each word
to create a new sentence
- Narrative stories
- remembering information by linking
together all the items that need to
be remembered through a story
- remembering information by linking
together all the items that need to
be remembered through a story
- Method of loci
- Eyewitness Testimony
- Working
Memory Model
- Phonological loop
- Articulatory loop
- Inner mouth
- Inner mouth
- Phonological store
- Inner ear
- Inner ear
- Responsible for encoding acoustic data.
Holds verbal information
- Articulatory loop
- Central execuive
- the boss
- allocates attention to it's two slave systems
- limited capacity
- limited capacity
- the boss
- Visuo Spatial Sketchpad
- Inner scribe
- acts as a rehearsal mechanism
- acts as a rehearsal mechanism
- Visual Cache
- responsible for visual encoding.
acts as an inner eye
- Inner scribe
- Phonological loop
- Multi-Store Model
- Clive Wearing
- he was brain damaged and can no longer make
new memories. he is unable to rehearse information
so it can't be transferred from STM to LTM.
- he was brain damaged and can no longer make
new memories. he is unable to rehearse information
so it can't be transferred from STM to LTM.
- Evaluation
- Strong research - Clive Wearing
- Oversimplification
- Flash bulb memory
- Strong research - Clive Wearing
- Clive Wearing
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