710627
Description
Mind Map by Sharondeep, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sharondeep
about 10 years ago
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Fluvial geomorphology of erosional environments
- V-shaped valleys with interlocking spurs
- typical of upland mountain streams as high flow
velocities that follow intense precipitation cause
intense vertical erosion with this high potential
energy thus, producing V-shaped valleys.
- Upland mountain streams - intense rainfall,
vertical erosion = V-shaped valleys.
- Upland mountain streams - intense rainfall,
vertical erosion = V-shaped valleys.
- Steepness may vary with climate, vegetation and geology
- Climate - precipitation affects river discharge and mass movements on valley sides.
- Vegetation - Roots bind soil together stabilising slope.
- Geology - Impermeable rocks produce
steeper valleys E.g. streams in
carboniferous limestone cut canyon like
valleys
- Climate - precipitation affects river discharge and mass movements on valley sides.
- Interlocking spurs = stream forced to
wind a sinuous course around the
protrusions of the surrounding
highland, spurs appear to interlock
blocking the view of the valley.
- Headward erosion/spring sapping - at source where it appears to migrate upslope into its watershed. Undercutting, rock, soil and veg.
- typical of upland mountain streams as high flow
velocities that follow intense precipitation cause
intense vertical erosion with this high potential
energy thus, producing V-shaped valleys.
- Waterfalls
- Form when flowing rivers cross into less resistant rock
E.g. Great Whin Sill UK
- Form when rivers flow over the edge of a plateau E.g. South America and Africa
- No friction at the brink of the fall so velocity increases.
- Descending water erodes the underlying rock, forming a deep plunge pool.
- Overtime, harder rock may become unstable and undercut retreating the
waterfall upstream leaving a steep-sided gorge E.g. until stabilised
Rainbow Gorge at Niagara Falls was retreating by 1m per year.
- Overtime, harder rock may become unstable and undercut retreating the
waterfall upstream leaving a steep-sided gorge E.g. until stabilised
Rainbow Gorge at Niagara Falls was retreating by 1m per year.
- Form when flowing rivers cross into less resistant rock
E.g. Great Whin Sill UK
- Rapids
- Form where gradient of river increases without a break in the slope (otherwise it would become a waterfall)
- Forms where the river flows over dipping bands of more resistant rock.
- Rapids increase turbulence and thus, erosive power of the river.
- Form where gradient of river increases without a break in the slope (otherwise it would become a waterfall)
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