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Description
Mind Map by kayla lawrence, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kayla lawrence
about 8 years ago
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Chapter 9:
Intelligence
and
Psychological
Testing
- Basic Questions about Intelligence
Testing
- IQ test are
exceptionally
reliable
- They are reasonable valid measures of
academic intelligence but they do not tap
social or practical intelligence
- They are reasonable valid measures of
academic intelligence but they do not tap
social or practical intelligence
- In modern scoring system
deviation IQ scores indicate
where people fall in the
normal distribution of
intelligence for their age
group
- They are intended to measure
potential for learning I Q test
inevitable assess a blend of
potential and knowledge
- They are intended to measure
potential for learning I Q test
inevitable assess a blend of
potential and knowledge
- IQ scores are correlated with
occupational attainment but
their ability to predict
performance within
occupations is the subject of
debate
- Intelligence testing is largely a
western enterprise I Q test are not
widely used in most non-western
culture's
- Intelligence testing is largely a
western enterprise I Q test are not
widely used in most non-western
culture's
- IQ test are
exceptionally
reliable
- Extremes of Intelligence
- Intellectual disability
- Intellectual disability refers to
subaverage general mental
ability IQ lesson 70
accompanied by deficits in
adaptive skills originating before
age 18
- Diagnosis
should not be
based solely on
test results
- Diagnosis
should not be
based solely on
test results
- Intellectual disability may be mild moderate
severe or profound. the vast majority 85% of
individuals have mild intellectual disability
- Many organic
conditions can cause
intellectual disability
but a specific organic
cause can be identified
in only about 50% of
cases
- Cases of unknown origin tend to involve
mild disability and are believed to be
mainly caused by unfavourable
environmental factors
- Cases of unknown origin tend to involve
mild disability and are believed to be
mainly caused by unfavourable
environmental factors
- Intellectual disability refers to
subaverage general mental
ability IQ lesson 70
accompanied by deficits in
adaptive skills originating before
age 18
- Giftedness
- Children with a score of 130 as the
typical minimum are viewed as
gifted
- Terman showed that gifted
children tend to be socially mature
and well adjusted although winner
has raise concerns about the
adjustment off profoundly gifted
individuals
- Extraordinary achievement
seems to depend on intensive
training and hard work but
innate talent may also
contribute
- Children with a score of 130 as the
typical minimum are viewed as
gifted
- Intellectual disability
- Key Concepts In Psychological
Testing
- Standardization :
- Refers to the uniform
procedures used in
administration and
scoring a test
- Refers to the uniform
procedures used in
administration and
scoring a test
- Types of Test:
- Mental ability test: measure
general intelligence aptitude
for specific types of learning or
achievements in specific areas
of study
- Personality tests:
measure various
types of personality
traits as well as
motives interest
values and attitudes
- Mental ability test: measure
general intelligence aptitude
for specific types of learning or
achievements in specific areas
of study
- Reliability :
- The measurement
consistency of a Tess
- The measurement
consistency of a Tess
- Norms :
- Indicates where a score
on a test ranks in
relation to other score
- Indicates where a score
on a test ranks in
relation to other score
- Percentile :
- Scores indicate the percentage
of people who score at or
below specific scores
- Scores indicate the percentage
of people who score at or
below specific scores
- Validity :
The ability
of a test to
measure
what it was
designed to
measure
- Construct
Validity
- Refers to the
extent to
which there's
evidence that
test
measures a
specific
hypothetical
construct
- Refers to the
extent to
which there's
evidence that
test
measures a
specific
hypothetical
construct
- Criterion- related validity:
Is estimated by correlating
subject scores on a test
with their scores on an
independent measure of
the trait
- Content-related Validity:
Refers to the degree to which
the content of a test is
representative off the
domain it is supposed to
cover
- Construct
Validity
- Standardization :
- Heredity and Environment as Determinants of
Intelligence
- Interaction of heredity
- Reaction range position it's
that charity places limits
on one intellectual
potential while the
environment determines
where once fall within
these limits
- Evidence indicates
that environment is
also an important
determinant of
intelligence
- Reaction range position it's
that charity places limits
on one intellectual
potential while the
environment determines
where once fall within
these limits
- Cultural Differences in IQ scores
- Genetic
explanation for
cultural
differences in IQ
has been challenged
on a viarety
of grounds
- Ethnicity varies with
social class, so socioeconomic
disadvantage may
account for a low IQ
scores among minority
students
- cultural bias on IQ
test may also
contribute to
ethnic differences
in average IQ's
- Genetic
explanation for
cultural
differences in IQ
has been challenged
on a viarety
of grounds
- Evidence
for
Heredity influence
- Twin studies show
that Identical twins
are more similar in
intelligence than
fraternal twins
- This shows
that
intelligence
is inherited
at least in
part
- This shows
that
intelligence
is inherited
at least in
part
- Adopted
children
resemble
their
biological
parents
and
intelligence
- Twin studies show
that Identical twins
are more similar in
intelligence than
fraternal twins
- Interaction of heredity
- History Of Intelligence Tests
- Modern intelligence
testing was launched in
1905 by Alfred Binet
who devised a scale to
measure each child's
mental age
- In 1939 David Weschler publish an improve
measure of intelligence for adults which
introduce the deviation IQ score based on the
normal distribution
- Lewis terman
revise the
Binet's scale
to produce the
Stanford in
it skills in 1916
which introduce
the intelligence
quotient IQ
- Spearman argued that all
cognitive test share a
core which he called G
whereas Thurstone
asserted that intelligence is
made up of independent
abilities
- Book views remain
influential today as
researchers are
primarily interested
in G but contemporary IQ test
typically subdivide G
into 10-15 specific
abilities
- Book views remain
influential today as
researchers are
primarily interested
in G but contemporary IQ test
typically subdivide G
into 10-15 specific
abilities
- The first intelligence
test were devised by
Sir Francis Galton,
who sought to show
that intelligence is
inherited
- Modern intelligence
testing was launched in
1905 by Alfred Binet
who devised a scale to
measure each child's
mental age
- New Direction in the Assessment and Study of
Intelligence
- Recent years have brought increased interest in
biological indexes of intelligence including such
things as IQ and brain size and quantity of gray
and white matter in the brain
- IQ scores measured in
childhood correlate with
Longevity to decades later.
- Sternberg's triachic theoary posits
that hallmark of intelligence are the
abilities to deal with novelty and
handle formiliar tasks automatically
- According
to Sternberg
successful
intelligence
include
three
facets;
- Analytical
intelligence
- Creative
intelligence
- Practical
intelligence
- Analytical
intelligence
- Howard Gardner has
argued that there are
eight largely
independent types of
human intelligence
- Some theorists believe that the measurement of
emotional intelligence can enchance the prediction of
people success but critics question whether
emotional sophistication should be viewed as a form
of intelligence
- Recent years have brought increased interest in
biological indexes of intelligence including such
things as IQ and brain size and quantity of gray
and white matter in the brain
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