A Smoker with chronic cough

Smoker’s cough
1. persistent cough all day long that just doesn’t ever go away.
2. Causes
  1. smoking paralyzes the cilia
    1. toxins settle into lungs which causes an inflamed reaction
      1. Coughing is the way your lungs try to get rid of all the toxins from smoke.
3. When did it start?
  1. During the night, these cilia begin to repair themselves
    1. As the cilia are called upon to catch and remove the accumulated toxins, the result is an increase in coughing upon arising in the morning.
Smoke
1. types and source
2. types of smokers
  1. Active smoker
    1. person is actively lighting up a cigarette and smoking it.
    2. greater psychological and chemical dependence
    3. scorching and staining along with the inhalation
    4. creates an oral fixation
    5. more infections in the upper respiratory tract
  2. Passive smoker
    1. known as second hand smoking or environmental tobacco smoke
    2. created through the exhaled particles of an active smoker
    3. chemical dependence
    4. high carbon monoxide and nicotine metabolites.
3. HOW DOES SMOKING AFFECT THE BODY
  1. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
  2. PSYCOLOGICAL EFFECTS
    1. mood enhancing
    2. calming
    3. Euphoria
    4. Achieve self confidence
    5. smoking fixes everything makes times of mental distress very difficult on the person trying to quit.
      1. Stress
      2. Depression
      3. Anxiety
      4. Anger
  3. SOCIAL EFFECTS
    1. Economical state
    2. less intelligent
    3. Smell bad
    4. Most nonsmokers don't want to be around smokers
    5. look old sooner
Neoplasia
1. Unregulated cell proliferation as a result of genetic changes.
2. Benign vs. Malignant
3. Histopathological pathology
4. Differentiation
  1. Well differentiated tumour cells
  2. Poorly differentiated tumour cells
Cancer
1. Nomenclature
2. Grading and staging
  1. cancer is classified into grades I, II, III, IV in order of increasing anaplasia.
  2. STAGING: Assessment of the spread of the malignant tumor in the body based on clinical and radiographic findings
    1. TNM
      1. T is the size of the primary tumor
      2. N: number of Lymph nodes involved
      3. M: presence of distant metastasis
3. Tumor markers
  1. AFP : Hepatocellular carcinoma
  2. PSA : prostatic carcinoma
  3. Ca-125: ovarian carcinoma
4. Tests
  1. Biopsy (incision, excision, needle biopsy)
  2. Cytology (FNA, cytologic smears)
  3. Frozen section
  4. FISH
5. spread
6. Complications
  1. Pain
  2. Fatigue
  3. Difficulty breathing
  4. Nausea.
  5. Diarrhea or constipation
  6. Weight loss
7. Cancer Treatment
  1. Surgery
    1. To diagnose cancer
    2. To remove all or some of a cancer
    3. Find out where the cancer is located
    4. To relieve side effects
  2. Radiation therapy
  3. Chemotherapy
  4. Immunotherapy
  5. Hormone therapy
  6. Precision medicine
  7. Stem cell transplant
  8. Targeted therapy
8. support groups
  1. many people cope with the emotional aspects of cancer by providing a safe place to share their feelings and challenges. They also allow people to learn from others facing similar situations.
9. Follow-up Care After Cancer Treatment
10. Palliative Care in Cancer
  1. What is palliative care?
    1. is aimed at relieving suffering and improving quality of life. It’s focused on helping patients get relief from symptoms
  2. Benefits of palliative care?
    1. better quality of life, less pain, less shortness of breath, less depression, and less nausea
  3. Who should get palliative care and when?
    1. Any person diagnosed with a serious illness who is having symptoms should get palliative care

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	Created by mahmoud eladl over 7 years ago