Global challenges for the future

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A-Levels Geography (World at risk) Mind Map on Global challenges for the future, created by Jodie Goodacre on 05/06/2013.
Jodie Goodacre
Mind Map by Jodie Goodacre, updated more than 1 year ago
Jodie Goodacre
Created by Jodie Goodacre almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Global challenges for the future
  1. Positive changes of globalisation include the rise of the new 'Tiger' economies, including China and India
    1. In these countries (NICs), a growing number of individuals enjoy significantly higher incomes and purchasing power parity
    2. South Korea was one of the first Asian nations to experience rapid industrial growth
      1. During the 1960s, foreign investors began working with local firms called chaebols
        1. South Korea is a member of the OECD and has the world's 11th largest economy
        2. Unable to maintain a competitive manufacturing sector due to high labour and land costs, the UK has striven to develop a post-industrial economy in order to remain globally competitive
          1. More people in the UK now work in the service and quaternary sectors.
            1. These kinds of employment tend to provide greater disposable income, bringing improved diet, healthcare and housing
          2. Globalisation brings negatives too. The economies of cities like Sheffield (steel), Manchester (textiles) and Liverpool (chemicals and machine assembly) entered a period of marked decline during the 1980s
            1. Deindustrialisation meant that some of those who lost their jobs never returened to full-time employment
              1. Serious social problems developed in inner cities, taking the form of a spiral of deprivation
                1. Globalisation is responsible for the growth of a two-speed world
                  1. Global billionaire wealth is at an all time high, and is on the rise in Asia, where two of the world's ten richest people live. Yet high numbers of people still live in poverty in nations such as India, China, Indonesia and Bangladesh
                    1. Globalisation has widened the gap between rich and poor
                      1. The wealthiest 1% of people in the world receive as much income as the bottom 57%
                        1. Two-Speed India
                          1. By 2040 India is expected to be the second largest economy in the world
                            1. India has become an attractive site for TNCs to set up factories and more recently offices and call centres
                              1. Indian entrepreneurs are learning to make globalisation work to their advantage
                                1. The gap between rich and poor has widened sharply
                                  1. 1.1 billion people, as many as one-third still live in absolute poverty
                                    1. Around 375 million people live in urban slums or poor and isolated rural regions
                                      1. Levels of pay for agriculture and factory workers are as low as $1 a day
                                        1. Home to 32 billionaires
                                          1. Dharavi slum in Mumbai is home to some of the poorest people in Asia
                                            1. 600,000 people are crammed into just 1 sq. mile of land in Dharvai
                                              1. The Indian Authorities want to remove the slum
                                              2. Environmental costs
                                                1. Recycling, Reusing, Refusing
                                                  1. Local Buying
                                                    1. Organic buying
                                                      1. Carbon credits
                                                        1. Biofuels and green technology
                                                          1. Green taxes
                                                          2. Social costs
                                                            1. Fair Trade
                                                              1. Ethically sourced foods
                                                                1. Charitable donations and international aid
                                                                  1. Trade reforms
                                                                  2. Moral Costs
                                                                    1. Child labour
                                                                      1. Low wages
                                                                        1. Lack of health and safety
                                                                          1. Long working hours
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