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7363676
Research Enterprise in Psychology
Description
Ch. 2 Concept Map
Mind Map by
Kristen Thorpe
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Kristen Thorpe
almost 8 years ago
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Resource summary
Research Enterprise in Psychology
The Scientific Approach
Steps
1) Formulate a hypothesis
2) Choose a practical method to study
3) Collect data to make observations
4) Analyze data and come up with conclusions
5) Report and share findings of study
Advantages
Clarity and precision which enhances communication
Intolerance of error, objective data
Ethical Issues
Animal testing
Should animals be subject to painful and unnecessary procedures? I believe they should be treated with the same respect as humans
All test subjects are to be treated fairly and equally
Psychologists have the responsibility to protect the rights, privacy, liberty, and self- determination of others
Two Methods of Psychology Research
Descriptive/Correlation Research- natural observations to discover links between variables
Naturalistic Observation
Observes behaviour without intervening with the test subjects
Study animals and human
Data can be difficult to quantify for statistical research
Case Study
In-depth investigation of a subject
Well suited for studying psychological disorders
Survey
Quesitons/interviews to gather data about a person's behvaiour
Well suited for gathering data on attitudes, values and beliefs
Cost and time efficient
Give researchers a way to explore questions that could not be examined by experiments
Experimental Research- Carefully controlled conditions to observe changes in a second variable
Independent and Dependant Variables
Independent
Condition the experimenter varies to impact the other variable
Dependant
Thought to be affected by changing of the indedependent variable
Experimental (receive special treatment) and control groups (do not receive anything)
Extraneous variables- variables that seem to influence the dependant varibale in a study
Draws conclusions about cause-&-effect relationships between variables
Statistics- use of mathematics to organize, and interpret data
Descriptive statistics- used to organize and summarize data
Key areas: measures of central tendency, variability, and the coefficient of correlation
Looking for Medians, means, and modes to compare data
Correlations use + and - signs to compare data and show associations between two variables
Inferential Statistics- use laws of probability to interpret data and draw conclusions
Statistical significance exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is low
Use a hypothesis to determine if research results are significant
Meta-Analysis- combining statistical results to from many studies, to see if results are valid
Research Flaws
Sampling Bias-exist if a sample is not representative of the population
Generalizations about the population may be inaccurate
Placebo Effect- when participants expectations lead them to believe they have changed even though it was a fake treatment
Expectations can be powerful on the human brain
Distortions in Self-Report Data- is the tendency to give socially approved answers about personal selves
Work too hard to create an untruthful favourable impression
Experimenter Bias- when a researcher's expectations of a study influence the results
Sometimes people see what they want to see and can influence the behaviour of test subjects
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