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FATIMAH'S SOFT BONES

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Mind Map on FATIMAH'S SOFT BONES, created by rand firas on 19/03/2017.
rand firas
Mind Map by rand firas, updated more than 1 year ago
rand firas
Created by rand firas almost 9 years ago
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FATIMAH'S SOFT BONES
  1. Psychological challenges that can face the elderly
    1. Sedentary Lifestyle
      1. A lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity
        1. Risk factors
          1. CVD
            1. Obesity
              1. Osteoporosis
                1. Diabetes
                  1. Hypertension
              2. Depression
                1. Substance abuse
                  1. Dementia
                    1. Paraphrenia
                      1. Causes
                        1. Chronic illness
                          1. Alzheimers
                            1. Loss of a loved one
                          2. Generalised bone pain
                            1. Can be diagnosed as:
                              1. Osteoporosis
                                1. Rickets/osteomalacia
                                  1. Paget's
                                    1. Tumour
                                      1. Hyperparathyroidism
                                    2. Bone histology
                                      1. Bone tissue is formed of:
                                        1. Bone matrix
                                          1. Organic
                                            1. Inorganic
                                            2. Bone cells
                                              1. Osteoblasts
                                                1. Osteoclasts
                                                  1. Osteocytes
                                                    1. Osteoprogenitor cells
                                                    2. Periosteum
                                                      1. Types of bone tissue
                                                        1. Spongy
                                                          1. Compact
                                                      2. Vitamin D
                                                        1. Effect on serum
                                                          1. Inc. Calcium
                                                            1. Dec. Phosphate
                                                            2. Effect on bone
                                                              1. Inc. Ca metabolism
                                                              2. Effect on GIT
                                                                1. Inc. Ca absorption
                                                              3. Osteoporosis
                                                                1. Pathophysiology
                                                                  1. Excessive bone loss due to inc. in osteoclastic activity
                                                                  2. Causes
                                                                    1. Vitamin D deficiency
                                                                      1. Estrogen deficiency
                                                                        1. Drugs (steroids)
                                                                          1. Ca deficiency
                                                                          2. Signs & symptoms
                                                                            1. Generalised pain
                                                                              1. Immobility
                                                                                1. Shortened stature
                                                                                  1. Vertebral/forearm/hip fractures
                                                                                  2. Diagnosis
                                                                                    1. BMD/DEXA
                                                                                      2. Xray/CT/MRI
                                                                                        1. Physical examination
                                                                                          1. Laboratory examinations
                                                                                            1. Ca level
                                                                                              1. Vitamin D
                                                                                                1. Thyroid
                                                                                                  1. PTH
                                                                                                    1. Testosterone
                                                                                                      1. ALP
                                                                                                    2. Management
                                                                                                      1. Non-pharmacological
                                                                                                        1. Lifestyle alterations
                                                                                                          1. Supplements
                                                                                                            1. Weight bearing exercises
                                                                                                            2. Pharmacological
                                                                                                              1. Bisphosphonates
                                                                                                                1. Estrogen receptor modulators
                                                                                                                  1. Calcitonin
                                                                                                                    1. Denosumab
                                                                                                                      1. Teraparatide
                                                                                                                  2. Anatomy

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