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Direct/Naive Realism
- The common sense view: the
world is as it appears to our
senses
- All objects are composed of matter, occupy
space & have properties which are perceived
directly by the senses
- E.g. The tree which falls in the forest does make a sound
regardless of whether or not anyone hears it
- E.g. The tree which falls in the forest does make a sound
regardless of whether or not anyone hears it
- CRIT (Perspective): The gap between railway
lines appears to narrow into the distance-the
world cannot be as it seems
- CRIT(Lag in time): From afar, it seems as if
there is a gap between the ball being hit and it
making a sound
- CRIT(Hallucinations): We cannot differ
between real perception & hallucination
- RESP: We can refer to a friend to tell when we
hallucinate. Hallucinations are clearly just a part of
the world
- CRIT: We may all be under a distorted view of
the world , meaning we cannot call to the
testimony of others e.g. matrix
- CRIT: We may all be under a distorted view of
the world , meaning we cannot call to the
testimony of others e.g. matrix
- RESP: We can refer to a friend to tell when we
hallucinate. Hallucinations are clearly just a part of
the world
- CRIT(Circular Justification): 'How do you know
the world is as it appears?' - 'Because it
appears that way'
- Using the world's appearance to justify
saying it is how it is not a strong
argument
- Using the world's appearance to justify
saying it is how it is not a strong
argument
- All objects are composed of matter, occupy
space & have properties which are perceived
directly by the senses
- Prmary/Secondary Qualities
- Primary: Real/Physical qualities
e.g. shape/geometery
- They are mathematically measurable whilst secondaries are
not. Position of one object in relation to another can be
described easily whilst tastes and smells must be described
with reference to other secondary qualities
- Primary qualities are essential to objects whilst secondary
qualities are not. Inessential qualities are those you can
imagine an object without
- E.g. A batchelor would still be a batchelor if he was
bald, whilst he would stop being a batchelor if
he were to marry
- After subtraacting all the secondary
qualities from 'apple' ie hardness,
colour, smell etc., we are still thinking
of the object 'apple'
- We fail to imagine the apple
when we subtract its size &
shape
- We fail to imagine the apple
when we subtract its size &
shape
- After subtraacting all the secondary
qualities from 'apple' ie hardness,
colour, smell etc., we are still thinking
of the object 'apple'
- E.g. A batchelor would still be a batchelor if he was
bald, whilst he would stop being a batchelor if
he were to marry
- They are mathematically measurable whilst secondaries are
not. Position of one object in relation to another can be
described easily whilst tastes and smells must be described
with reference to other secondary qualities
- Secondary: Subjectively-experienced qualities e.g.
heat. The subjective measure of hot cannot be
subtracted from cold
- Primary: Real/Physical qualities
e.g. shape/geometery
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