The Transport Revolution

up to 1750 roads were dirt tracks with pot holes and became muddy in winter
1. travelling was slow and expensive
  1. during the industrial revolution more goods had to be transported
turnpike trusts were private companies that got permission from the government to build better roads
1. you had to pay a charge called a toll for using them
Thomas Telford improved roads by
1. digging deep foundations
2. laying down a layer of heavy stones with smaller stones on top
3. putting a layer of tightly packed gravel on top
John MacAdam further improved roads by
1. realising there was no need for deep foundations
2. the carts and coaches would grind the stones on the surface to powder which the rain would wash down and would hold the lower layers together for longer
3. roads were highest in the middle to allow water to flow into the drainage ditches
these improvements
1. cut the journey between london and manchester from 4 days to 18 hours
2. more people wanted to travel
3. goods were transported faster
4. Charles Bianconi set up transport company using coaches called Bianconi cars
Canals
1. best way of moving bulky goods such as coal
2. the duke of bridgewater couldnt transport coal from his coalmines to manchester at a reasonable price
  1. James Brindley built a cannal from the dukes coalfields to manchester
    1. this reduced the cost by half
      1. was named the Bridgewater cannal
3. 6,500km of canal was built by 1850
4. slow
5. by 1830 railways were the main mode of transport instead of canal
railways
1. Watts steam engine made possible the invention of the steam locomotive
  1. was adapted by Richard Trevithick to run on an iron track
    1. locomotive
2. George Stephenson built the first train carrying goods
3. Stephenson then invented the locomotive called the rocket which carried passengers between Manchester and Liverpool
  1. went at 25km/h
Steam ships
1. quickly replaced sailing ships
2. in the late eighteenth century a steem engine was build for ships
3. what took a sailing ship 6 weeks took a steam ship 10 days
effects
1. raw materials and manufactuered goods could be transported quickly and cheaply
2. lowered cost of goods
3. iron and steal and coal production increased greatly

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The Transport Revolution

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	Created by caitriona.mcgett almost 11 years ago