911700
Description
Mind Map by Ailsa O'Brien, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ailsa O'Brien
over 11 years ago
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Normative Ethical Theories
- Propose to describe the
morally correct way of acting
- "Normative" refers to
guidelines or norms.
- Non-Consequentialist theories
- Duty of ethics (Kantian)
- Categorical imperitive
- Act in a way that you would be willing for
it to become a general law that everyone
else should do in the same situation
- Act in a way that you would be willing for
it to become a general law that everyone
else should do in the same situation
- Principle of Ends
- Treating people never as a mere means to an
end, but always as an end in themselves.
- Treating people never as a mere means to an
end, but always as an end in themselves.
- Principle of Autonomy
- Respecting the ability of others to
make rational decisions.
- Respecting the ability of others to
make rational decisions.
- Categorical imperitive
- Rights (Rawls)
- Belief that a man is distinguished by dignity.
- Moral rights are conceived as 'trump
cards against utilitarian arguments'
- Respect for human beings is fundamental
- Belief that a man is distinguished by dignity.
- Correctness of actions is function
of something other than goodness
or badness of consequences.
- Deontological
- Emphasis on duty rather
than good consequences
- Emphasis on duty rather
than good consequences
- Duty of ethics (Kantian)
- Consequentialist
- Rightness or wrongness of actions is a function
of the goodness or badness of consequences
- Utilitarianism
- Action is morally right if result
benefits the greater good.
- Focus on collective welfare
- Hedonistic concept
- Person is happy if they
experience pleasure and no pain.
- Person is happy if they
experience pleasure and no pain.
- Action is morally right if result
benefits the greater good.
- Egoism
- Action is moral if decision maker freely decides on action
to pursue short term desires or long term interests
- Adam Smith's Invisible hand
- Pursuit of individual interest is
moral if it creates benefit for all
- Pursuit of individual interest is
moral if it creates benefit for all
- Good information and
free competition
- Determine moral value
based on personal advantage
- Often justified on basis that
human beings are selfish
- Action is moral if decision maker freely decides on action
to pursue short term desires or long term interests
- Rightness or wrongness of actions is a function
of the goodness or badness of consequences
- Two extremes
- Ethical relativism
- Values and practices of local setting
determine right or wrong
- Typically contemporary
- Claims morality is subjective and
context specific
- Values and practices of local setting
determine right or wrong
- Ethical absolutism.
- Typically traditional
- Certain absolute truths
apply everywhere
- Non-consequentialist/Consequentialist
theories
- Typically traditional
- Ethical relativism
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