accurate weight, HR and
rhythm, RR, temp, blood
pressure
advisable to warm reptiles in a
bath or vive before exam
blood tests
PCV and total protein to
assess hydration and
circulating blood volume
Blood urea (mammals) or
uric acid (reptiles and
birds) to assess wast
product metabolism
Glucose- assess
nutritional status
IMPROTENT for ferrets
Fasting
small mammals that cant
vomit 0,5-1 hours so mouth is
empty
mammals that can vomit
depends on animal but
for ferrets 2-4 hours
Birds- <100g 30 mins to ensure
crop is empty, 100-300g 1 hour,
>300g 8-10 hours. birds of prey 12 hours and cast produced
Reptiles- insectivores 24 hours, snakes 2
days as this reduces pressure on heart
and lungs, chelonians 0,5-1 hour
analgesia
should be used pre-emptively before wind-up
birds have high number of kappa receptors, therefore butorphenol
is better then butrenorphine, however some birds vary as not as
effective in amazone parrots
pre-medication
mostly the same options as for
normal patients
anticholinergic drugs
atropine and glycopyrrolate
used in pre-meds to reduce
respiratory secretions from
gaseous agents (common in g.pigs)
may be used in reptiles to help prevent intracardiac
shunting and protect the heart from vagal inhibitions and
bradycardia
rabbits and rats have hepatic
atropinesterase so glycopyroolate
should be used
monitoring
ideally birds should be in lateral
recumbency to minimze the
restriction to the air sacs
birds and mammals may
require lubricant in eyes
doppler ultrasound useful to listen to
hear lateral tail vain in rates and
cephalic vain in larger mammals can
be used, thoracic inlet for chelonians
and over the heart of snakes and
lizards
birds are sensitive to having their wing muscles
gently squeezed so can be used to assess depth
and can stimulates breathing so can be useful on
recovery