biology topic 5

biology topic 5

1. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

   • starting at the aorta...
     • O, arteries, goes to the capillaries in the body
       • DO, veins, goes to the vena cava
         • DO, pulmonary artery, to the lungs
           • goes to capillaries in lungs
             • O, pulmonary vein, goes to the heart.

2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

   • mouth-mixes w/ enzymes
     • oesophagus- carries food from mouth to stomach
       • liver - produces bile,, helps digest fats in small intestine
         • stomach - adds acids and enzymes, mixed up (churning)
           • gall bladder- stores bile
             • pancreas - produces enzymes that are released into the small intestines
               • small intestines - food digested by enzymes, food molecules are absorbed into blood
                 • large intestines - some water absorbed, undigested food forms faeces that pass out of the..
                   • anus.
       • peristalsis

3. VILLI

   • folded to create a larger surface area
   • large capillary network carries absorbed molecules rapidly away
   • inside body tissues
   • on top of each villi are micro villi which increase surface area more
     • for diffusion of soluble products of digestion

4. PREBIOTICS

   • encourage beneficial bacteria to grow to protect from diarrhoea
   • increasing evidence

5. PROBIOTICS

   • friendly bacteria
   • lactobacillus
   • claim to make you healthier

6. visking tubing as a model

   • investigates digestion
   • inside of tube is like a alimentary canal, inside is a mixture of starch and amylase
   • start - water around the tube
   • end - glucose has diffused out of the bag into the water

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