CLC Latin - About the Language #2

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Pronouns 3: qui

The relative pronoun QUI, which is placed at the start of a relative clause, has different forms which mean 'who', 'which' etc.

SINGULAR PLURAL

masc. fem. neut. masc. fem.

nominative qui quae quod qui quae

accusative quem quam quod quos quas

The noun described by a relative clause is known as the antecedent of the relative pronoun.

Regular Verbs

The following table shows examples of regular verbs conjugated in different tenses. These examples are templates for all regular verbs.

first second third fourth

conjugation conjugation conjugation conjugation

INFINITIVE to carry to teach to drag to hear

portare docere trahere audire

IMPERATIVE carry! teach! drag! hear!

porta doce trahe audi

portate docete trahite audite

PRESENT TENSE I carry, you carry, etc. I teach, you teach, etc. I drag, you drag, etc. I hear, you hear, etc.

porto doceo traho audio

portas doces trahis audis

portat docet trahit audit

portamus docemus trahimus audimus

portatis docetis trahitis auditis

portant docent trahunt audiunt

IMPERFECT TENSE I was carrying I was teaching I was dragging I was hearing

portabam docebam trahebam audiebam

portabas docebas trahebas audiebas

portabat docebat trahebat audiebat

portabamus docebamus trahebamus audiebamus

portabatis docebatis trahebatis audiebatis

portabant docebant trahebant audiebant

FUTURE TENSE I will carry I will teach I will drag I will hear

portabo docebo traham audiam

portabis docebis trahes audies

portabit docebit trahet audiet

portabimus docebimus trahemus audiemus

portabitis docebitis trahetis audietis

portabunt docebunt trahent audient

PERFECT TENSE I (have) carried I (have) taught I (have) dragged I (have) heard

portavi docui traxi audivi

portavisti docuisti traxisti audivisti

portavit docuit traxit audivit

portavimus docuimus traximus audivimus

portavistis docuistis traxistis audivistis

portaverunt docuerunt traxerunt audiverunt

PLUPERFECT TENSE I had carried I had taught I had dragged I had heard

portaveram docueram traxeram audiveram

portaveras docueras traxeras audiveras

portaverat docuerat traxerat audiverat

portaveramus docueramus traxeramus audiveramus

portaveratis docueratis traxeratis audiveratis

portaverant docuerant traxerant audiverant

FUTURE PERFECT I will have carried I will have taught I will have dragged I will have heard

TENSE portavero docuero traxero audivero

portaveris docueris traxeris audiveris

portaverit docuerit traxerit audiverit

portaverimus docuerimus traxerimus audiverimus

portaveritis docueritis traxeritis audiveritis

portaverint docuerint traxerint audiverint

Summary of Latin verb endings and the English translations which are used to indicate the different persons:

English Latin verb ending

PRESENT

IMPERFECT

PLUPERFECT PERFECT

I 1st person singular -o / -m -i

you 2nd person singular -s -isti

he, she, it 3rd person singular -t -it

we 1st person plural -mus -imus

you 2nd person plural -tis -istis

they 3rd person plural -nt -erunt

Irregular Verbs

The following table shows four irregular verbs conjugated in different tenses. There are more irregular verbs, but they do not all follow one of these structures.

INFINITIVE to be to be able to want to bring

esse posse velle ferre

PRESENT TENSE I am I am able I want I bring

sum possum volo fero

es potes vis fers

est potest vult fert

sumus possumus volumus ferimus

estis potestis vultis fertis

sunt possunt volunt ferunt

IMPERFECT TENSE I was I was able I was wanting I was bringing

eram poteram volebam ferebam

eras poteras volebas ferebas

erat poterat volebat ferebat

eramus poteramus volebamus ferebamus

eratis poteratis volebatis ferebatis

erant poterant volebant ferebant

FUTURE TENSE I will be I will be able I will want I will bring

ero potero volam feram

eris poteris voles feres

erit poterit volet feret

erimus poterimus volemus feremus

eritis poteritis voletis feretis

erint poterint volent ferent

PERFECT TENSE I have been/was I have been able I (have) wanted I (have) brought

fui potui volui tuli

fuisti potuisti voluisti tulisti

fuit potuit voluit tulit

fuimus potuimus voluimus tulimus

fuistis potuistis voluistis tulistis

fuerunt potuerunt voluerunt tulerunt

PLUPERFECT TENSE I had been I had been able I had wanted I had brought

fueram potueram volueram tuleram

fueras potueras volueras tuleras

fuerat potuerat voluerat tulerat

fueramus potueramus volueramus tuleramus

fueratis potueratis volueratis tuleratis

fuerant potuerant voluerant tulerant

FUTURE PERFECT I will have been I will have been able I will had wanted I had brought

TENSE fuero potuero voluero tulero

fueris potueris volueris tuleris

fuerit potuerit voluerit tulerit

fuerimus potuerimus voluerimus tulerimus

fueritis potueritis volueritis tuleritis

fuerint potuerint voluerint tulerint

The verbs absum (I am absent) and adsum (I am present) are formed by adding ab and ad to the forms of sum. For example:

est he is adest he is present abest he is absent

erat he was aderat he was present aberat he was absent

pronouns 3

regular verbs

irregular verbs