Unit 5 - Chapter 17 - The Rise of Dictators

I. Different Types of Ruling/PhilosophiesA. Totalitarianism - Hitler1. Exerts total control over a nation and uses terrors to suppress human rightsB. Fascism - Hitler and Mussolini1. Certain national/ethnic groups are superior and ruled by a supreme authorityC. Communism - Stalin1. Strong, dictatorial government; disrespects individual rights and the individualII. Economic Plans - Soviet UnionA. Combined small farms into larger, community farmsB. Punished farmers in the Ukraine and stole their foodC. 5 million peasants were sent to labor campsD. Food shortages occurred, and rations began1. Standard of living fellIII. Reign of Terror - ItalyA. Mussolini, II Duce1. Attracted war veterans, Socialists, anarchists, etc.2. Became Prime Minister of Italy by threatening to invade Rome3. Outlawed political partiesB. Cruel treatment1. Held "show trials" to remove enemies; millions died or suffered forced labor2. Blackshirts - member of Italian armed squad forces under MussoliniIV. Hitler's Rise to PowerA. Nazi Party Philosophy and Policies1. German nationalism and racial supremacyB. Personal Actions1. Tried to overthrow government in 1923 and was sent to prison2. When he became chancellor, he suspended free speech with BrownshirtsV. Germany RearmsA. Violation of Versailles Treaty from World War IB. 1936 - enters Rhineland (WWI base), a demilitarized zone; Hitler signs treaty with MussoliniVI. Germany Expands A. Ordered troops into Austria1. Most welcomed himVII. Invasion of PolandA. Hitler invades CzechoslovakiaB. Hitler and Stalin agree to divide Eastern Europe between themC. Blitzkrieg - "Lightning War"1. Takeover of Poland in less than a monthVIII. Battle of BritainA. Germany launched an air assault to defeat British navy1. The Blitz - bombing of LondonB. Royal Air Force dodged slow-moving bombers and fighter planes