C1.2 and C1.3 - created from Mind Map

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Limestone

Calcium Carbonate

Building Material

cheap and easy to maintain

quarried

heating limestone

making cement mortar and concrete

limestone roasted with clay makes cement

add sand and water to make mortar

add aggregate concrete is made

eroded by acid rain

decomposes in kiln

breaks down into

called thermal decomposition

calcium oxide

carbon dioxide

add water to produce calcium hydroxide

ores

earths crust

called minerals

contains enough metal to be economically viable

found by mining

extracting metals

unreactive metals obtained by panning

less reactive than carbon are heated with carbon

more reactive than carbon electroloysis

most metals found as metal oxides

extraction of copper

conducor of heat

doesnt react with water

can be extracted by copper rich ores

can be found from scrap iron by displacement

electroloysis

running out of copper

good conductor of electrcity

by heating in a furnace

can then be purified by electroloysis

called smelting

during electroloysis positive copper irons go to negative electrode

extracted from low grade ores

bioleaching

phytomining

uses bacteria to extract low grade ores

a solution containing bacteria is mixed with a low grade ore

the bacteria convert into solution where easily extracted

uses plants to absorb copper

as the plant grows it absorbs and stores copper

the plants are burned the ash produced contains copper

iron

iron oxide

impure iron is brittle

atoms in pure iron are arranged in layers

can be reduced by blast furnace

produces molten iron

contains 96% iron and 4% carbon

impurities removed to make pure iron

these can easily slide over each other

this makes it soft and malleable

alloys

many metals are too soft for everyday use

they are mixed with small amounts of other metals

e.g. gold and aluminium

this makes them much harder e.g. coins

steel

carbon is added to iron to make steel

steels properties

high carbon content is hard and strong

low carbon content is soft and malleable

stainless steal is hard and resistant to corrosion

C1.2 and C1.3