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claire.tallon
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Year 9 Humanities Note on Industrial Revolution, created by claire.tallon on 27/06/2014.

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Timeline of the Industrial Revolution
1694
- The bank of England is established. 
1700 - Improvements in agricultural technology contribute to the agricultural revolution. 
1707 - the first turnpike trusts are established. 
1709 - Abraham Darby develops a blast furnace capable of producing high-quality iron. 
1712 - Thomas Newcomen develops 
1730 - 1780 - The invention of new and larger spinning and weaving machines shifts textile industry into factories
1757 - The Sankey Canal is opened
1761 - The  Bridgewater Canal is opened 
1763 - Victory in the Seven Years' War gives Britain increased trade access to colonies in India and North America. 
1769 - James Watt invents a steam engine capable of providing continuous power
1783 - Henry Cort 'pudding' process further improves the quality of iron products
1785 - The Boulton and Watt steam engine is first used in a textiles factory. 
1801 - The first official population census is held in Britain. 
1813 - The first working steam locomotive, known as puffing Billy, is built. 
1825 - The first English public steam railway (from Stockton to Darlington) is opened. 
1830 -  Stephenson's Rocket hauls the first train on the Manchester to Liverpool railway line. 
1830's - Railway building begins in France and Germany 
1842 - Samuel Morse develops the single wire telegraph. 
1851 - The great Exhibition is held in London. 
1876 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the first telephone. 
Abdicate: to step down from the throne or from other high office
Abolition: the end of legal acceptance of slavery
Absolute Monarch: a ruler who governs alone, unrestrained by laws or constitution
Affiliated unions: unions linked with other unions through a wider umbrella organisation
Animal Husbandry
: Breeding and caring for livestock, usually in a  farm environment. 
Annex: to take possession of a territory
Artefact: an object made by humans
Artillery: large-callibre guns
Patents: 
a legally enforceable right tot make or sell an invention. Patents, usually granted by government, protect an inventor's idea from being copied. 
Rural Population: people living in the countryside rather than in towns or cities
Urban population: people living in cities or larger towns
Subsistence farming: farming that provides only enough to satisfy the basic needs of life of the farmer or community. 
Fallow: land left unplanted
Enclosure: consolidation of open fields and common land into single farms owned by one farmer or landowner 
Black Death: a deadly disease that ravaged Europe, killing between a quarter and a half of the population. It continued to occur periodically over the next three hundred years
Famine: a severe shortage of food, leading to starvation, usually due to crop failures over a sustained period of time. 
Scurvy: a disease caused by a poor diet, especially a deficiency of vitamin C. 
Rickets: a softening of the bones, leading to the deformity of the limbs caused by a deficiency of calcium and vitamin D. 
Infant mortality rate: a means of measuring the percentage of babies who fail to survive their first birthday
Cottage industry: small-scale manufacturing in which raw materials are processed in workers' homes. 
Bell pit: a traditional form of coal mining in which a shaft is dug down to a seam of coal and then excavated outwards, with the coal raised to the surface using a winch and buckets
Blast furnace: a type of furnace into which air is forced to raise the temperature sufficiently to carry out the smelting of iron ore
Pig iron: the initial p
Timeline of the Industrial revolution
Industrial Revolution Definitions