Structure and Function of the Cells of the Nervous system

Historical background

1. Cells of the brain are independent from one another structurally, metabolically, and functionally
2. Information is transmitted from one neuron to the next across tiny gaps called Synapses

 

Neurons

• made up of Neuron, cell body, axon, and dendrites

Sensory neurons

• Bring information into the CNS
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Interneurons 

• Associate/connect sensory and motor activity in the CNS

Motor neurons

• Send signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles

Neural networks

- a functional group of neurons

The Synapse

- presynaptic neuron

- prosynaptic neuron

Language of neurons

- excitation vs inhibition

- summation of messages

Neuron production and regeneration

- CNS neurons with you for life

- PNS neurons are able to rebuild axons

Neuroplasticity 

- Configuration of syanpses are constantly changing

- Connections between neurons are 'plastic' therefore and be reformed

 

Glial cells

Ependymal cell - small ovoid, secretes CSF

Astrocyte - Star-shaped, contributes to neuronal nutrition, structural support and repair; contributes to forming blood-brain barrier and to healing scarring after injury, enhancment of brain activity by providing fuel to active brain regions

Microglial cell - small, derived from blood; defensive dunction to remove dead tissue, aid in cell repair, scavenge debris in the nervous system

Oligodedroglial cell - forms myelin around CNS axons in brain and spinal cord

Schwann cell - wraps around peripheral nerves to form myelin

 

Conclusion

- The nervous system comprises of two types of cell: neurons and glial cells