Quiz
PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2
Perguntas do quiz (93)
1Berkeley was a rationalist
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2Which of the following claims does Locke believe?
- AAll knowledge comes through experience.
- BAll experience is experience of ideas.
- CAll knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas
- DAll of the above.
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Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,- AVerdadeiro
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Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.- AVerdadeiro
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5According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world
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According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.- AVerdadeiro
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7Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.
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8"Esse est percipi " means
- AI think therefore I am.
- BTo be or not to be.
- CWe are born a blank slate.
- DTo be is to be perceived.
9According to Berkeley,
- AIdeas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.
- BThe assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.
- COnly the mental world exists.
- DAll of the above.
10According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.
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11According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them
- Arationalism and empiricism.
- Bimpressions and ideas
- Crelations of ideas and matters of fact.
- Dprimary qualities and secondary qualities.
- Arationalism and empiricism.
12One difference between impressions and ideas is that
- Aideas are copies of impressions.
- Bimpressions are copies of ideas.
- CThere is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.
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According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,- Ait has no meaning.
- Bit is false.
- Cit must be believed by faith.
- DNone of the above.
14
Which of the following is a relation of ideas?- AMurder causes pain.
- BBarking dogs bark.
- CAll emerelds are green.
- DGod loves everyone.
15Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?
- AAll bachelors are unmarried.
- BThe earth is flat, not round
- CAll triangles have four sides.
- DNone of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.
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Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.- AVerdadeiro
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17If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume
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18According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.
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19According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.
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20
According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.- AVerdadeiro
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21Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.
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22On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.
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23
Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.- AVerdadeiro
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According to Parfit,- A
A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body. - B
A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body. - CA person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.
- DAll of the above
- A
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According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.- AVerdadeiro
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26According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.
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27According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is
- Athat it ignores the soul
- Bthat it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.
- Cthat Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
28
When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.- AVerdadeiro
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29
According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.- AVerdadeiro
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30According to Hume,
- Athe self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.
- Bthe self does not exist.
- CThe self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.
- DAll of the above.
31
Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.- AVerdadeiro
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32Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.
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33Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.
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34
Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.- AVerdadeiro
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35
Theism is the belief that God exists.- AVerdadeiro
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36God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.
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37God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.
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38
God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.- AVerdadeiro
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39
God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.- AVerdadeiro
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40God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all
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41
God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.- AVerdadeiro
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42The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."
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43Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?
- AThe geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.
- BThe moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.
- CRussell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.
- D
None of the above.
44
Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.- AVerdadeiro
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45According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.
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46One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?
- A He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.
- BHe thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.
- CBoth of the above.
- DNone of the above
47Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.
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48Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?
- AA belief in hell
- Ba belief that God exists
- CA belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men
- DAll of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.
49Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.
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50Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.
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51According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.
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52
One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is- Athe teleological argument.
- Bthe first cause argument.
- Cthe design argument.
- DAll of the above.
53According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?
- AThe universe has a first cause.
- BWhatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.
- CThe first cause must have been a person.
- DAll of the above.
54According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.
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55Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists
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56What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?
- ACraig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.
- BCraig gives historical evidence.
- CCraig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.
- DNone of the above.
57According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.
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58
According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.- AVerdadeiro
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59Another name for the teleological argument is
- Athe design argument.
- Bthe moral argument.
- Cthe cosmological argument.
- DNone of the above.
60In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.
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61
The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.- AVerdadeiro
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62Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?
- AOmnipotence and omniscience
- BOmnipotence and omnibenevolence
- COmnibenevolence and personhood
- DNone of the above
63There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.
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64There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.
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65If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.
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66According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead
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67An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.
- Athe cosmological argument.
- Bthe teleological argument.
- Cthe problem of evil.
- Dthe watchmaker argument.
68According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.
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69According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.
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70
Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.- AVerdadeiro
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71Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?
- Aa. utilitarianism
- Bb. egoism
- Cc. kantianism
- Dd. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories
- Aa. utilitarianism
72Which of the following is a descriptive theory?
- Aethical egoism
- Bdeontology
- Cutilitarianism
- Dpsychological egosim
73Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative
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74Mill is a moral rationalist
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75The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness
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76If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
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77If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
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78A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.
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79Kant's primary moral principle is called
- Aa. The Categorical Imperative
- Bb. The Principle of Utility
- Cc. The Ontology Maxism
- Dd. None of the above
- Aa. The Categorical Imperative
80John Stuart Mill is
- AAn empirist
- BA hedonist
- CA utilitarian
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
- AAn empirist
81A formal fallacy
- Aone that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
The lamp is not on
Therefore there is no power in the outlet
You can see by the form alone it is invalid - Bcan be detected only by examining the content of an argument
The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
Atoms are invisible
Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible
- Aone that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
82An Informal Fallacy
- As one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
The lamp is not on
Therefore there is no power in the outlet
You can see by the form alone it is invalid - Bcan be detected only by examining the content of an argument
The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
Atoms are invisible
Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible
- As one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
83A False Cause fallacy
- Ais committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.
- Boccurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
- C The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated
Correlation does not mean causation - Ddraws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.
84Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes.
His argument is invalid because he is rich.
This is an example of what type of fallacy?- AHasty Generalization
- BAd Hominem
- CAppeal to ignorance
- DStraw Man
- AHasty Generalization
85Appeal to Pity:
- Aoccurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
- B The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.
- Coccurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated
- D The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack
86Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August.
Is an example of:- AStraw Man
- BArgumentum to populum
- CHasty Generalization
- DBegging the question
- AStraw Man
87Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.
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88Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser
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89Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove
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90An example of Begging the question would be:
- A Some triangles are obtuse
Whatever is obtuse is ignorant
Therefore, some triangles are ignorant - B"to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."
- CThe few, the proud, the marines
- D Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.
- A Some triangles are obtuse
91An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"
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92Equivocation:
- Apresupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.
- BOccurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument
- CThe fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue
- Doccurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses
93The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:
- AEquivocation
- BBegging the question
- CArgumentum to populum
- DNone of the above
- AEquivocation
Informações
- Descrição
- Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final
- Autor
- Danielle Easton
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 50
- Avaliação
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