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o.m. 3
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Perguntas do quiz (25)
1It converts inputs into outputs, they are at the core of operations management.
- AProcesses
- BProcess selection
2 It refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized. It has major implications for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment, and design of work systems. It occurs as a matter of course when new products or services are being planned. However, it also occurs periodically due to technological changes in products or equipment, as well as competitive pressures.
- AProcesses
- BProcess selection
3How an organization approaches process selection is determined by the organization’s process strategy. Key aspects include
Capital intensity: the mix of equipment and labor that will be used by the organization.
Process flexibility: the degree to which the system can be adjusted to changes in processing requirements due to such factors as changes in product or service design, changes in volume processed, and changes in technology.
Process choice is demand driven. The two key questions in process selection are:
How much variety will the process need to be able to handle?
How much volume will the process need to be able to handle?
Answers to these questions will serve as a guide to selecting an appropriate process.
Usually, volume and variety are inversely related; a higher level of one means a lower level of the other.- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4There are ____ basic process types
- A3
- B4
- C5
5This is a process type that usually operates on a relatively small scale. It is used when a low volume of high-variety goods or services will be needed. Processing is intermittent; work includes small jobs, each with somewhat different processing requirements. High flexibility using general-purpose equipment and skilled workers are important characteristics. A manufacturing example of this process type is a tool and die shop that is able to produce one-of-a-kind tools. A service example is a veterinarian’s office, which is able to process a variety of animals and a variety of injuries and diseases.
- Ajob shop
- BBatch
- CRepetitive
- DContinuous
- EProject
6It is one of the processes type that is used when a moderate volume of goods or services is desired, and it can handle a moderate variety in products or services. The equipment need not be as flexible as in a job shop, but processing is still intermittent. The skill level of workers doesn’t need to be very high because there is less variety.
Examples: bakeries, movie theaters, airlines, etc.
Examples of services include plays, concerts, etc.- AJob Shop
- BBatch
- CRepetitive
- DContinuous
- EProject
7When higher volumes of more standardized goods or services are needed, this processing is used. Only slight flexibility of equipment is needed. Skill of workers is generally low.
Examples: production and assembly lines. In fact, this type of process is sometimes referred to as assembly.
Service: automatic carwash.
Mass customization is an option.- AJob Shop
- BBatch
- CRepetitive
- DContinuous
- EProject
8This process type is used when a very high volume of non-discrete, highly standardized output is desired. These systems have almost no variety in output and, hence, no need for equipment flexibility. Workers’ skill requirements can range from low to high, depending on the complexity of the system and the expertise workers need. Generally, if equipment is highly specialized, worker skills can be lower.
Examples: petroleum products, steel, sugar, flour, and salt.
Continuous services: air monitoring, the Internet, etc.- AJob Shop
- BBatch
- CRepetitive
- DContinuous
- EProject
9This process type is used for work that is nonroutine, with a unique set of objectives to be accomplished in a limited time frame. Equipment flexibility and worker skills can range from low to high.
Examples: consulting, launching a new product or service, publishing a book, building a dam, etc.- AJob Shop
- BBatch
- CRepetitive
- DContinuous
- EProject
10Process type also impacts supply chain requirements. Repetitive and continuous processes require steady inputs of high-volume goods and services. Delivery reliability in terms of quality and timing is essential. Job shop and batch processing may mean that suppliers have to be able to deal with varying order quantities and timing of orders. In some instances, seasonality is a factor, so suppliers must be able to handle periodic large demand. The processes discussed do not always exist in their “pure” forms.
It is not unusual to find hybrid processes – processes that have elements of other process types embedded in them. For instance, companies that operate primarily in a repetitive mode, or a continuous mode, will often have repair shops (i.e., job shops) to fix or make new parts for equipment that fails.- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
11It is the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are: non-polluting; conserving of energy and natural resources; economically efficient; safe and healthful for workers, communities, and consumers; and socially and creatively rewarding for all working people.”
- ASustainable Production
- BUnsustainable Production
- Chybrid processes
12It is processes that have elements of other process types embedded in them. For instance, companies that operate primarily in a repetitive mode, or a continuous mode, will often have repair shops (i.e., job shops) to fix or make new parts for equipment that fails.
- Ahybrid processes
- BSustainable Production
13Lean process design is guided by general principles that we will discuss more fully later. One principle of particular interest here is waste reduction, which relates to sustainability objectives. Lean design also focuses on variance reduction in workload over the entire process to achieve level production and thereby improve process flow. Successful lean design results in reduced inventory and floor space; quicker response times and shorter lead times; and increased productivity, etc.
Lean process design has broad applications in seemingly diverse areas (health care delivery systems, manufacturing, construction, and process reengineering).- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
14Technology and technological innovation often have a major influence on business processes.
Technological innovation - refers to the discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them.
Technology - refers to applications of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of goods and services and/or the processes that produce or provide them. It can involve such factors as knowledge, materials, methods, and equipment.
The term "high technology" refers to the most advanced and developed equipment and methods.
Process technology and information technology can have a major impact on costs, productivity, and competitiveness.
Process technology - includes methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and provide services. This not only involves processes within an organization. It also extends to supply chain processes.
Information technology (IT) - is the science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store, process, and send information. IT is heavily ingrained in today’s business operations. This includes electronic data processing, the use of bar codes, data transmission, the Internet, e-commerce, e-mail, and more.- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
15It is machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically. If a company decides to automate, the next question is how much. It can range from factories that are completely automated to a single automated operation.
- AInnovation
- BAutomation
16 One of the kinds of automation that use high-cost, specialized equipment for a fixed sequence of operations. Low cost and high volume are its primary advantages; minimal variety and the high cost of making major changes in either product or process are its primary limitations.
- AFixed automation
- BProgrammable automation (PA)
- CFlexible automation
17One of a kind of automation that involves the use of high-cost, general-purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operations and specific details about each operation.
- AFixed automation
- BProgrammable automation (PA)
- CFlexible automation
18One of a kind of automation that evolved from PA. It uses equipment that is more customized than that of PA. A key difference between the two is that flexible automation requires significantly less changeover time.
- AFixed automation
- BProgrammable automation (PA)
- CFlexible automation
19Flexible automation is used in several different formats.
A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a group of machines that include supervisory computer control, automatic material handling, and robots or other automated processing equipment. Reprogrammable controllers enable these systems to produce a variety of similar products.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a system that uses an integrating computer system to link a broad range of manufacturing activities.- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
20It refers to the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system.
As in other areas of system design, decisions are important for three basic reasons:
- they require substantial investments of money and effort;
- they involve long-term commitments, which makes mistakes difficult to overcome; and
- they have a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of operations.- ALayout
- BLean
21The three basic types of layout are:
- are most conducive to repetitive processing,- AProduct layouts
- BFixed-position layouts
- Chybrid layouts
22The three basic types of layout are:
- are used when projects require layouts.- AProcess layouts
- BFixed-position layouts
- Chybrid layouts
23The three basic types of layout are:
- represent some combination of Process layouts and Fixed-position layouts.- AProcess layouts
- BFixed-position layouts.
- CHybrid layouts
24The process of deciding how to assign tasks to workstations is referred to as line balancing.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
25The primary determinant is what the line’s cycle time will be. The cycle time is the maximum time allowed at each workstation to perform assigned tasks before the work moves on. The cycle time also establishes the output rate of a line. Hence, the line’s capacity is a function of its cycle time.
Example:
Suppose that the work required to fabricate a certain product can be divided up into five elemental tasks
The task times govern the range of possible cycle times. The minimum cycle time is equal to the longest task time (1.0 minute), and the maximum cycle time is equal to the sum of the task times (0.1 + 0.7 + 1.0 + 0.5 + 0.2 = 2.5 m).
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre o.m. 3, criado por Olzhas Ibraev em 13-10-2022.
- Autor
- Olzhas Ibraev
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 4
- Etiquetas
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