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Faolan Friel 11 perguntas

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  1. 1The Weimar Constitution was written by [blank_start]Hugo Preuss[blank_end] and was adopted on 31st July [blank_start]1919[blank_end]. He attempted to build on the [blank_start]traditions[blank_end] of German politics as well as [blank_start]balamce power[blank_end] between the different institutions of the state.
    The new constitution created the [blank_start]Reich[blank_end] as a [blank_start]parliamentary democracy[blank_end] with the Chancellor and [blank_start]cabinet[blank_end] needing [blank_start]majority[blank_end] support in the Reichstag.
    The Reich was to be a [blank_start]federation of 17[blank_end] states (Lander)
    The head of state was the [blank_start]President[blank_end], to be elected every [blank_start]seven[blank_end] years. He appointed the chancellor who would head the government. Article 48 the President in [blank_start]emergencies[blank_end] could rule by [blank_start]decree[blank_end] and side-line the Reichstag. The President not only had the power to appoint a Chancellor but could also dismiss him. The President could also dissolve the Reichstag and arrange for new elections. The President also commanded the [blank_start]army[blank_end].

    1. AHugo Preuss
    2. B1919
    3. Ctraditions
    4. Dbalamce power
    5. EReich
    6. Fparliamentary democracy
    7. Gcabinet
    8. Hmajority
    9. Ifederation of 17
    10. JPresident
    11. Kseven
    12. Ldecree
    13. Memergencies
    14. Narmy
  2. 2There were to be elections made every 4 years using [blank_start]Proportional representation[blank_end] which is seats given in proportion to the votes [blank_start]cast[blank_end].

    The Reich Chancellor led the [blank_start]government[blank_end], accountable to the [blank_start]Reichstag[blank_end].

    The New parliament was to be made up of two house, [blank_start]Reichsrat[blank_end] and [blank_start]Reichstag[blank_end].

    The [blank_start]Bill of Rights[blank_end] guaranteed [blank_start]individual rights[blank_end] such as freedom of [blank_start]speech[blank_end] and the right to belong to a [blank_start]union[blank_end]
    1. AProportional representation
    2. Bcast
    3. Cgovernment
    4. DReichstag
    5. EReichsrat
    6. FReichstag
    7. GBill of Rights
    8. Hindividual rights
    9. Ispeech
    10. Junion
  3. 3Territory
    -Germany lost ALL of her [blank_start]overseas colonies[blank_end] and Alsace-Lorraine was given to [blank_start]France[blank_end].
    -Eupen and Malmedy were given to [blank_start]Belgium[blank_end] and North-Schleswig was given to [blank_start]Denmark[blank_end].
    - [blank_start]Posen[blank_end] was given to Poland so that she would have access to the [blank_start]Baltic Sea[blank_end]. This area became known as the [blank_start]Polish[blank_end] Corridor. It meant that [blank_start]East Prussia[blank_end] was cut off from the rest of Germany.
    - Hultschin (given to [blank_start]Czechoslovakia[blank_end])
    - The Rhineland was made into a [blank_start]demilitarised zone[blank_end] (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone and Germany was forbidden to [blank_start]unite with Austria[blank_end].
    - The Saar coalfields were given to France for [blank_start]fifteen years[blank_end]. This had major [blank_start]economic consequences[blank_end].
    - The port of Danzig was made a [blank_start]Free City[blank_end] under the control of the [blank_start]League of Nations[blank_end]. This was a huge economic [blank_start]loss[blank_end]. Memel was put under the control of the League of Nation who also took control of Germany's overseas colonies.
    - Germany had to return to land to [blank_start]Russia[blank_end]. Some of this land was made into [blank_start]new[blank_end] states: Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.
    1. Aoverseas colonies
    2. BFrance
    3. CBelgium
    4. DDenmark
    5. EPosen
    6. FBaltic Sea
    7. GPolish
    8. HEast Prussia
    9. ICzechoslovakia
    10. Jdemilitarised zone
    11. Kunite with Austria
    12. Lfifteen years
    13. Meconomic consequences
    14. NFree City
    15. OLeague of Nations
    16. Ploss
    17. Qnew
    18. RRussia
  4. 4Military
    -Germany’s army was reduced to [blank_start]100,000[blank_end] men and the army was not allowed [blank_start]tanks[blank_end] or an [blank_start]air force[blank_end].
    -Germany was allowed only [blank_start]6[blank_end] capital naval ships and [blank_start]no submarines[blank_end].
    -The Allies were to keep an army of [blank_start]occupation[blank_end] on the west bank of the Rhine for [blank_start]15[blank_end] years.

    Economic
    -Germany was responsible for all the war [blank_start]damage[blank_end]; therefore, she had to pay reparations (most go to France & Belgium). Amount eventually put at £6,600 million ([blank_start]132 billion marks[blank_end]) - a sum well [blank_start]beyond[blank_end] Germany’s ability to pay.

    Guilt
    -Germany had to admit full [blank_start]responsibility[blank_end] for the war. This was the infamous "[blank_start]War Guilt Clause[blank_end]” (231)
    1. A100,000
    2. Btanks
    3. Cair force
    4. D6
    5. Eno submarines
    6. Foccupation
    7. G15
    8. Hdamage
    9. I132 billion marks
    10. Jbeyond
    11. Kresponsibility
    12. LWar Guilt Clause
  5. 5-The [blank_start]first major threat[blank_end] to the newly established Weimar Government came in the form of the Spartacist Uprising. The Spartacists had opposed the [blank_start]First World War[blank_end] and were deeply influenced by [blank_start]Bolshevism[blank_end]. They opposed the creation of a National Constituent Assembly during the German Revolution and wanted to take power by strikes, demonstrations and revolts.
    -In [blank_start]January 1919[blank_end] the Spartacists decided that the time was ripe to launch an [blank_start]armed rising in Berlin[blank_end] with the aim of overthrowing [blank_start]Ebert’s provisional government[blank_end]. The Spartacists were led by radical socialists [blank_start]Rosa[blank_end] Luxemburg and Karl [blank_start]Liebknecht[blank_end]
    -On 5 January 1919 they occupied [blank_start]public buildings[blank_end], called for a [blank_start]general strike[blank_end] and formed a [blank_start]revolutionary committee[blank_end]. After three days of savage street fighting the coup was easily defeated. The government had the backing of the army’s troops.

    -It was a futile gesture against the government. Ebert withdrew his government to the safety of Weimar and allowed the Free Corps (Freikorps- right wing volunteer army who were fiercely anti-communism) and what remained of the regular army to bring peace and stability back to Berlin once again.

    -No [blank_start]mercy[blank_end] was shown to the Spartacists/Communists whose leaders were murdered after being arrested. The Freikorps was better organised and armed - they also had a military background. The majority of the Spartacists were civilians. No-one doubted who would win.
    1. Afirst major threat
    2. BFirst World War
    3. CBolshevism
    4. DJanuary 1919
    5. Earmed rising in Berlin
    6. FEbert’s provisional government
    7. GRosa
    8. HLiebknecht
    9. Ipublic buildings
    10. Jgeneral strike
    11. Krevolutionary committee
    12. Lmercy
  6. 6The Kapp Putsch, March 1920
    -The Kapp Putsch in [blank_start]1920[blank_end] was the first attempt by the extreme [blank_start]right[blank_end] wing to seize power from the constitutional government. The extreme right favoured the restoration of some sort of [blank_start]authoritarian, dictatorial regime[blank_end].
    -As a result of the demobilisation of the armed forces there were nearly 200 paramilitary units in Germany by 1919. In 1920 about 12,000 members of the Freikorps marched on [blank_start]Berlin[blank_end] and seized the main buildings of the capital virtually [blank_start]unopposed[blank_end], where they installed a new [blank_start]government[blank_end].
    -The German army did not provide any resistance to this putsch. In spite of requests from Ebert to put down the rebellious forces, the army was not [blank_start]prepared[blank_end] to become involved with either side.
    -The putsch collapsed primarily because, before fleeing Berlin, SPD members of the government had called for a [blank_start]general strike[blank_end] which soon paralysed the capital and quickly spread to the rest of the country. The rebels had [blank_start]little support[blank_end] in Berlin and even less elsewhere.
    -After four days, it was clear that Kapp and his government exerted no real authority and they [blank_start]fled[blank_end] the city.
    1. A1920
    2. Bright
    3. Cauthoritarian, dictatorial regime
    4. DBerlin
    5. Eunopposed
    6. Fgovernment
    7. Gprepared
    8. Hgeneral strike
    9. Ilittle support
    10. Jfled
  7. 7The Munich Putsch, November 1923
    - The Nazis’ Munich Putsch took place from [blank_start]8–9[blank_end] November 1923. The developing crisis in Germany in 1923 due to the Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr, passive resistance, hyperinflation and [blank_start]“The German October,”[blank_end] had convinced Hitler that the opportunity to seize power [blank_start]had arrived[blank_end].
    -The Nazis were far too [blank_start]weak[blank_end] on their own to stage any kind of [blank_start]political takeover[blank_end]. It was the need for allies which led Hitler into negotiations with [blank_start]Kahr[blank_end] and the Bavarian State Government and the Bavarian section of the German army under [blank_start]Lossow[blank_end].
    -Kahr and Lossow blamed most of Germany’s problems on the national government in Berlin and wanted to destroy the republican regime with a [blank_start]“March on Berlin”[blank_end] from [blank_start]Munich[blank_end]. Fearing failure, they decided to abandon the plan but Hitler wanted to press on. The Nazis took control of a large rally which Kahr was addressing in one of Munich’s beer halls and declared a “[blank_start]national revolution[blank_end].”
    -Under pressure, Kahr and Lossow appeared to co-operate, but General Seeckt, the chief of the Army Command who was suspicious of Hitler, used his powers to command the [blank_start]armed forces[blank_end] to resist the putsch. When the Nazis attempted to take Munich, the Bavarian police easily [blank_start]crushed[blank_end] the putsch.
    1. A8–9
    2. B“The German October,”
    3. Chad arrived
    4. Dweak
    5. Epolitical takeover
    6. FKahr
    7. GLossow
    8. H“March on Berlin”
    9. IMunich
    10. Jnational revolution
    11. Karmed forces
    12. Lcrushed
  8. 8The Berlin and Bavaria Communist Revolts (1919)
    -The new Weimar government faced further uprisings by [blank_start]Communists[blank_end].
    -In March 1919 the Communists organised [blank_start]strikes[blank_end] in Berlin but were crushed by the [blank_start]Freikorps[blank_end] (Free Corps).
    -In April 1919 the German province of Bavaria declared itself an independent [blank_start]Communist Republic[blank_end] but again was crushed by the [blank_start]Freikorps[blank_end].
    1. ACommunists
    2. Bstrikes
    3. CFreikorps
    4. DCommunist Republic
    5. EFreikorps
  9. 9-In 1919 the Weimar economy faced fundamental problems such as a decline in [blank_start]world trade[blank_end] which affected its [blank_start]exports[blank_end] and an increasing national [blank_start]debt[blank_end] as a result of the [blank_start]First World War[blank_end]. As a result of the [blank_start]Treaty of Versailles[blank_end] there was a loss of resources such as [blank_start]coal[blank_end], iron ore and arable agricultural land from the loss of territories such as the Saar, Alsace-Lorraine and Silesia plus the cost of paying [blank_start]reparations[blank_end] from 1921.

    -Prices had already started to increase by 1919 but [blank_start]inflation[blank_end] dominated the first phase of the Weimar economy up to 1923. From 1919 Weimar governments did [blank_start]not[blank_end] attempt to [blank_start]balance[blank_end] their budgets and adopted policies of [blank_start]deficit[blank_end] financing, both of which allowed inflation to continue.

    -The need to pay [blank_start]reparations[blank_end] then contributed to even greater [blank_start]inflation[blank_end]. They found the £6,600 million (132 billion marks) too steep to cope with. In 1922 the German government announced it could not pay reparations any longer. The French invaded the [blank_start]Ruhr[blank_end] industrial region to get reparations by [blank_start]force[blank_end].

    - The French took control of the Ruhr’s factories, steelworks, [blank_start]mines[blank_end] and [blank_start]railways[blank_end]. The Weimar Government could not defend itself because Versailles had limited the size of the German armed forces. The French [blank_start]shot 132[blank_end] Germans and expelled 150,000 Germans from the region for refusing to obey the orders of the French military controlling the Ruhr. As a result of the occupation of the Ruhr and the resistance against it industrial production in Germany ground to a [blank_start]halt[blank_end].

    -By 1923 the Weimar economy was suffering from hyperinflation and the value of the mark continued to decline. The dire economic situation badly damaged the [blank_start]reputation[blank_end] of the Weimar Republic.
    1. Aworld trade
    2. Bexports
    3. Cdebt
    4. DFirst World War
    5. ETreaty of Versailles
    6. Fcoal
    7. Greparations
    8. Hinflation
    9. Ibalance
    10. Jnot
    11. Kdeficit
    12. Linflation
    13. Mreparations
    14. NRuhr
    15. Oforce
    16. Pmines
    17. Qrailways
    18. Rshot 132
    19. Shalt
    20. Treputation
  10. 10After the failure of the [blank_start]1923 Munich Putsch[blank_end], Hitler changed the [blank_start]strategy[blank_end] of the party. An armed [blank_start]coup[blank_end] was no longer an appropriate tactic and the only way to [blank_start]succeed[blank_end] was to work within the Weimar [blank_start]Constitution[blank_end] and gain power by legal means. The adoption of [blank_start]parliamentary[blank_end], legal tactics was the new Nazi strategy for attempting to get into power.

    Hitler used his trial to gain maximum publicity to portray himself as a [blank_start]national hero[blank_end]. He used his time in prison to right his book “Mein Kampf” that outlined his [blank_start]ideas[blank_end].

    The adoption of a legal strategy necessitated the creation of a national party structure geared to gaining success in elections. At the [blank_start]Bamberg Party Conference[blank_end] in 1926 Hitler re-established a degree of [blank_start]unity[blank_end] within the Party and mobilised [blank_start]sufficient[blank_end] support to re-establish his [blank_start]supremacy[blank_end].

    The refounded party was based around the ‘[blank_start]leadership principle[blank_end]’ (Führerprinzip) which emphasised absolute [blank_start]obedience[blank_end] to Hitler.

    A reorganisation of the party structure followed. The whole of Germany was divided into [blank_start]35[blank_end] regions which reflected the electoral [blank_start]geography[blank_end] of Weimar’s system of [blank_start]proportional representation[blank_end]. The control of each [blank_start]region[blank_end] was placed in the hands of a [blank_start]Gauleiter[blank_end], who then had responsibility for creating district and [blank_start]branch[blank_end] groups.

    [blank_start]Gregor Strasser[blank_end] was mainly responsible for building up an efficient [blank_start]Party structure[blank_end] and this was reflected in an increasing [blank_start]Party membership[blank_end] of 108,000 by 1928, partly due to the creation of associated Nazi organisations that were geared to appeal to the specific interests of particular groups.

    Joseph Goebbels increased support for the party in Berlin and showed a real interest in [blank_start]propaganda[blank_end] and created the newspaper Der Angriff (The Attack). They used posters, leaflets, radio and film, and organised rallies to portray Nazis in positive light. The Nazi Party had been revitalised. It was no longer a small provincial party in Bavaria but had become a national party with an [blank_start]effective political[blank_end] machine. Despite the disappointing performance in the 1928 Reichstag election, significant gains were made in regional state elections in 1929.

    He cultivated the support of [blank_start]wealthy businessmen[blank_end] promising them that, if he came to power, he would [blank_start]destroy[blank_end] Communism and the Trade Unions. This gave him the finance to run his [blank_start]campaigns[blank_end]. He set up the [blank_start]Hitler Youth[blank_end] to indoctrinate young people in Nazi ideas and the SS as an elite bodyguard. They also continued to use [blank_start]SA[blank_end] violence in the background to break up meetings of [blank_start]political opponents[blank_end].





    1. A1923 Munich Putsch
    2. Bstrategy
    3. Ccoup
    4. Dsucceed
    5. EConstitution
    6. Fparliamentary
    7. Gnational hero
    8. Hideas
    9. IBamberg Party Conference
    10. Junity
    11. Ksufficient
    12. Lsupremacy
    13. Mleadership principle
    14. Nobedience
    15. O35
    16. Pproportional representation
    17. Qgeography
    18. Rregion
    19. SGauleiter
    20. Tbranch
    21. UGregor Strasser
    22. VParty structure
    23. WParty membership
    24. Xpropaganda
    25. Yeffective political
    26. Zwealthy businessmen
    27. AAdestroy
    28. ABcampaigns
    29. ACHitler Youth
    30. ADSA
    31. AEpolitical opponents

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Quiz sobre Sem título, criado por Faolan Friel em 18-01-2016.
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