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Quiz

L2+L3 Homeostasis: Principles and Control

Mer Scott 14 perguntas 5,0 (1 avaliação)

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  1. 1The homeostatic theory states that every [blank_start]regulatory[blank_end] mechanism of the body exists to [blank_start]maintain[blank_end] the constancy of the body's [blank_start]internal[blank_end] fluid environment.
    1. Aregulatory
    2. Bmaintain
    3. Cinternal
    4. Dexternal
  2. 2(Select the correct statements.)
    ECF composition is regulated in multicellular organisms because:
    1. A1/3 of total body water is in the ECF.
    2. BCell membranes are semi-permeable and the concentration of components in the ECF influences the ICF, and so the internal environment of cells.
  3. 3Fill in the normal reference ranges.
    - Core body temperature = [blank_start]35[blank_end] - [blank_start]38[blank_end] degrees celsius.
    - Fraction of body water content in ICF = [blank_start]2/3[blank_end], and so ECF = [blank_start]1/3[blank_end]. (4/5 of this is [blank_start]interstitial[blank_end] fluid, 1/5 of this is [blank_start]plasma[blank_end].)
    - Na+ conc. in ECF = [blank_start]135[blank_end] - [blank_start]145[blank_end] mmol/L.
    - Ca++ conc. in plasma = [blank_start]2.2[blank_end] - [blank_start]2.6[blank_end] mmol/L
    - Glucose conc. in blood = [blank_start]3.5[blank_end] - [blank_start]6[blank_end] mmol/L while fasting, 3.5 - [blank_start]8[blank_end] mmol/L non fasting.
    - K+ conc. in ECF = [blank_start]3.5[blank_end] - [blank_start]5[blank_end] mmol/L.
    1. A35
    2. B38
    3. C2/3
    4. D1/3
    5. Einterstitial
    6. Fplasma
    7. G135
    8. H145
    9. I2.2
    10. J2.6
    11. K3.5
    12. L6
    13. M8
    14. N3.5
    15. O5
  4. 4Osmosis is the movement of water toward a region of [blank_start]high[blank_end] concentration of [blank_start]solute[blank_end], or from a high water concentration to a low water concentration.
    [blank_start]Osmolarity[blank_end] is a measure of the total number of solute [blank_start]particles[blank_end] per [blank_start]litre[blank_end] of solution. For body cells this is 275 - 300 mosmol/L, in the ECF and ICF.
    [blank_start]Tonicity[blank_end] refers to the effect that a solution's osmolarity has on cell [blank_start]volume[blank_end].
    1. Ahigh
    2. Blow
    3. Csolute
    4. Dparticles
    5. Elitre
    6. FTonicity
    7. Gvolume
    8. HOsmolarity
  5. 5Normal RMP (resting membrane potential) is:
    1. A-70mV, if the outside of the cell is taken as 0.
    2. B-70mV, if the inside of the cell is taken as 0.
  6. 6The main determinant of RMP (resting membrane potential) is:
    1. AK+, as it has the highest permeability of ions.
    2. BCa++, as it controls electrical impulses and therefore contractions in muscles.
  7. 7The RMP of cells remains constant.
    1. AVerdadeiro
    2. BFalso
  8. 8Which statement about reference (normal) ranges is incorrect?
    1. AReference range values are specific to age group, and values within two standard deviations of the mean are considered normal.
    2. BBy chance, 5% of tests outside this range are from healthy people.
    3. CIntra-individual variation is normal, but inter-individual is not.
    4. DBoth inter-individual and intra-individual variation are normal.
  9. 9Choose the correct statements about feedback systems.
    1. APositive feedback systems are the most helpful to maintaining homeostasis.
    2. BNegative feedback systems oppose change to regulated variables.
    3. CFeed-forward system responses can be behavioural or physiological.
    4. DThe sensor and integrator of a system can be the same cell.
    5. EA good example of a negative feedback system is childbirth, specifically oxytocin release due to stretch which triggers more contractions.
  10. 10Choose the two physiological communication pathways, and their appropriate timings.
    1. ANeuronal for quick responses, hormonal for slow responses.
    2. BNeuronal for slow responses, hormonal for quick responses.
    3. CFeed-forward for quick responses, feedback for slow responses.

Informações

Descrição
Objectives: Define ‘homeostasis’ and explain why extracellular fluid (ECF) composition is regulated in multicellular organisms. • Define ‘osmosis’, ‘osmolarity’ and ‘tonicity’ and understand their relevance to cell volume • Understand the basis of the cell’s ‘resting membrane potential’ and appreciate its physiological significance.
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English
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