Flashcards
Canine muscles and massage contraindications
Flashcards do conjunto (47)
- 1What are the three points of critical thinking?Formulate
Analyse
Assess - 2What are the four critical thinking skills?Never assume
Always Ask
Evaluate
Observe - 3What is critical thinking?Disciplined, self directed, in depth, rational thinking that leads to clear, relevant and fair thinking. Removes emotion and prejudice and bias.
- 4What is a cautionAn issue that may require specialised techniques to be employed, but massage may proceed.
- 5What is a regional contraindicationCondition is prewsent in one area of the body but doesn't affect the whole dog. Massage can be completed in other areas safely.
- 6What is a general contraindicationMassage is not conducted under any circumstances
- 7Name some conditions that are a general contraindications. Put Asterix next to ones that can proceed with vet approval.*abdominal pain,
*acute joint swelling,
*back pain with referred pain to legs,
* extreme pain on palpation,
*inability to apply body weight,
infection,
*inflammation,
*malignancies,
*referred pain to legs
neurological conditions/difficulty standing
*skin puffy shiny scaly or not growing
*pain on coughing
First trimester of pregnant
After long periods of travel (3 weeks) - 8What things require vet approval?Heart conditions (As it stimulates circulatory system)
Pain that is deep
Recent operations
Restriction of spinal movement
(others but are general contraindications first) - 9What may be a regional contradiction?Broken Skin
Burns
Fractures
Haematoma (bruising)
Recent muscle injury causing extreme pain (may need to seek vet approval)
Torn ligament (joint instability) - 10What may be a caution (proceed but with proper techniques)?Blood thinning medication
Heart conditions (well controlled after vet approval)
Pain medication - 11Describe the composition of muscles70% water
90% rest - muscle fibre
10% blood vessels and connective tissue - 12In percentage, how much does the musculature and tendinous system weight?60%
- 13Describe the origin, muscle belly and insertion and how they work to contract the muscle.Origin - originates from the less moveable bone
Muscle belly - central part of muscle that is raised, and is the power base
Insertion - moves and inserts (connected to the moveable bone)
When muscle contracts insertion moves towards the origin. - 14What is a tendon?Elastic but fibrous structure
Attaches muscle to bone
Only stretch 10%
Withstand high levels of tension - 15What are ligamentsStrong powerful structures
Hold the skeleton together/ for support
Attach bone to bone wrapping around joints - 16What role does the circulatory system and blood vessels play in relation to the muscular system?Warmth
Fuel
Oxygen
Removal of waste product - 17What are the three types of muscle tissue?-skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiact muscle - 18What is the cause and result of muscle contraction- repsonse to stress or injury (muscle stays contracted)
- puts uneven stress on joints of opposing muscles
- Uneven wear
-decreased range of movement
stress on other muscles
stress on other joints - 19Muscles work in 3 different ways - describe- isometric contraction: muscle length remains the same while the tension varies
- concentric contraction - muscle length shortens
- eccentric contraction - muscle is stretched by resistance - 20How do muscles play a role in the speed of the animal?Muscles determine stride length and stride frequency based on how far they are able to stretch and how fast.
Therefore determine speed. - 21Why do muscles stress?Speed of contraction (too fast)
Strength of contraction
Isometric contraction (increased tension, but no lengthening)
Protective restriction to one part of muscle (only select muscle fibres contract) - 22What is the agonist and antagonist?Muscles work in pairs
Agonist - prime mover of muscle
Antagonist - supporting muscle - 23Where is the most common injury sight?Origin of the muscle (musculotendinous junction)
- 24Describe the difference between tendons, ligaments and fascia- all are fibrous connective tissue, but difference is in the connections
- tendons - muscle to bone
- ligaments - bone to bone
- fascia - muscle to muscle - 25What types of fibres are there and what are they used for?Slow twitch fibres - endurance
Fast twitch - speed - 26What can cause muscular injury (9)?- A blow (hit to muscle)
-Overuse (repetitive jumping etc)
- Overstretch
-Overstretch then tear
- Inappropriate cool down
-Posture not balanced leading to biomechanics faults (eg. injury, slippery floors)
-Poor diet
-Structural imbalance (conformation)
-Incorrect preparation prior to exertion - 27What problems can develop in result of muscular injury?Knots can develop (unable to stretch)
They can harden
They form pressure
-some muscle fibres can become damaged and no affect initially but if damage continues the injury will worsen. - 28What is a spasm, and where will it occur- flickering/vibration in the muscle
- at the end of the muscle
- occasionally in the belly muscle - 29How many bones are in the canine body and what is components of the: - vertebral skull hyoid ribs/sernum pectoral limbs pelvic limbs321 bones
vertebral - 50
skull/hyoid = 50
ribs/sternum 34
pectoral 90
pelvic 96 - 30What things are important to observe?- Dogs motion - should glide, no rigidity
- Dogs muscle mass
-Deviations in movement to specific muscles (consider what action cannot be achieved and correct it)
- Biomechanics of the paw (asymmetry, movement and gait factors)
-Body asymmetry (posture and alignment, differences side to side, area to area) - 31How do you prepare hands?- spread fingers
-draw fingers back
-make a fist
-open hand
-loose fist and rotate the wrist
-invert hands and twist
-finger lift - 32Why massage?It assists the release of contracted fibres that resist movement, drawing blood to the area and allows for greater flexibility.
- 33Why should you not massage for 7-10 days after a severe injury?If its conducted too early you may produce myositis ossificans (hardening of muscle fibres). You can work around the site of injury, and this can be beneficial as the opposing side will be overused for compensation.
- 34What steps should be taken for success in massage- observe
- feel
-treat - 35what is tactile awareness?Ability to feel and assess through touch areas that require attention and techniques to be used.
- 36What is an adhesion?Tissue that sticks and forms a fibrous matrix within a muscle. Causes muscle not to lengthen and causes pain and restriction.
- 37What is a muscle spasm?defined as a group of fibres within a muscle that have become contracted and knotted, and have an inability to release.
- 38DEFINE THE FOLLOWING PREFIX'S Pan Inter Endo Tachy Epiwhole
between
in
fast
on/above - 39DEFINE THE SUFFIXES -itis -algia -ectomy -plasy -logyinflammation of
pain
surgical removal of
surgical repair
study of - 40what do the suffixes -ac, -al, ar, ic, I've, ous, tic all meant?Relating to the root word
- 41WORD ROOT gastr enter cardi dermat rhinStomach
intestine
heart
skin
nose - 42What is homeostasis?Balance of metabolism. The process in which internal systems of the body are maintained at equilibrium, despite external conditions.
- 43What role does circulatory system play in relation to muscles?- consists of heart, blood, vascular and lymphatic movement.
- carries nutrients from digestive tract
- carries CO2 from tissues to lungs, and O2 to tissue
-removal of waste products to kidneys for excretion
- transports hormones
- temperature control ( dependent on where vessels are
- fluid regulation (lymphatic)
-carries immunoglobins and WBC which help to increase clotting ability, and protect body - 44How can massage affect breathing?The ribs/costal cartilages and abdominals increase and expand during breathing.
Therefore we can affect lung function by improving ribcage and muscles around it. - 45What is proprioreception?sensory receptors receive information about rate of movement, contraction, tension and stretch of tissue.
- 46Describe the lymphatic system, and the role massage has on it?Lymph vessels transport lymph fluid which is found in intercellular spaces. Role is to return vital substances to bloodstream, and defend against disease by removing toxins through phagocytosis, creating immune response - producing antibodies and to lubricate the fascia.
- 47Integumentary system consists of what? What is the benefit of massagehair skin and nails
Cleans the skin of blockages, and keeps coat looking healthy and affects areas immediately adjoining.
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- Certificate IV CMT FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Lisa Dodds em 14-08-2014.
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- Lisa Dodds
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