Flashcards
214101 - Test 1
Flashcards do conjunto (96)
- 1AnatomyScience of body structures and the relationship between
- 2PhysiologyScience of Body Function
- 3Cellular LevelCells that are made out of molecules
e.g. Muscle cells, Sperm Cells, and Neurons - 4Tissue LevelGroups of similar cells
- 5Organ LevelMade up of different types of tissues joined together
e.g. Heart, Kidney - 6Organ System LevelDifferent organs that work together closely
e.g. Cardiovascular System - 7Organism LevelMade up of many organ systems
e.g. whole bod - 8Red Blood CellCarries oxygen around the body
- 9Neuron CellTransmits a message (communication) to the whole body from the brain
- 10Fat CellEnergy and cushioning
- Goes towards creating ATP - 11Sperm and Egg CellsReproduction
23 chromosomes in each - 12Skeletal Muscle CellMovement to bone structures from muscle
- 13Digestive SystemBrings in Nutrients -> Breaks Down -> Eliminates feces
- 14Cardiovascular SystemDistributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells
Delivers waste and carbon dioxide to disposal organs - 15Respiratory SystemTakes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dixoide
- 16Urinary SystemEliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions
- 17Integumentary SystemProtects body from external factors
- 18Musculoskeletal SystemMovement of skeletal muscle
- 19Nervous and Endocrine SystemCommunication from the brain
- 20Lymphatic and Integumentary SystemProtection for immune system
- 21Lymphatic SystemImmune System
- Lymph nodes and spleen - 22Integumentary SystemFirst Layer of Skin
- 23Reproductive SystemProduction of offspring
- 24Necessary for cells-Oxygen
-ATP (Fats and sugars)
- Water
-Optimum pH range
- Optimum temperature
- Removal of waste - 25ATP Adenosine TriphosphateEnergy Molecule
- 26Body temperature fallsBlood vessels constrict
- 27Blood temperature risesblood vessels dilate
- 28HomeostasisA constant internal environment
- 29Positive Feedback SystemsEnhance the stimulus
- Blood Clotting
- Breast feeding
- Pregnancy ( Child Birth ) - 30Negative Feedback SystemsMaintaining
- Body Temperature
- Blood calcium levels
- Blood glucose levels - 31Plasma membraneControls materials moving in and out of a cell.
- 32NucleusControls cell activities
- 33CytoplasmFluid material between membrane and nucleus
- 34OrganellesMachinery structures that perform specific cell functions
- 35Functions of Membrane ProteinsTransport -> Receptor -> Attaches to cytoskeleton -> Enzymatic Activity -> Intercellular joining -> Cell-cell recognition
- 36Tight JunctionPrevents molecules passing through intercellular space
-Lining of the stomach - 37DesmosomesBinds adjacent cells together
Helps form internal tension-reducing network of fibres
- Skin - 38Gap functionsAllows ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next for intercellular communication
- 39Passive Membrane TransportDoes not require ATP energy
- 40Active Membrane TransportDoes require ATP energy
- 41Passive Transport (Diffusion)Movement of a substance from a high to low concentration
e.g. Farts - 42Passive Transport (Filtration)Movement of a substance through a membrane of pressure
e.g Kidney - 43Simple DiffusionFat soluble molecules that simply travel through the phospholipid bilayer
- 44Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusionProtein carrier that changes the shape of a protein
- 45Channel-mediated facilitated diffusionsChannel protein that selects ions based on their size and charge
- 46OsmosisDiffusion of solvent through a protein channel or lipid bilayer
e.g. Water - 47TonicityAbility of solution to change shape or tone by altering the internal water volume
- 48IsotonicSame solute concentration
- 49HypertonicHigh solute concentration
- Cell shrinks - 50HypotonicLow solute concentration
- Cell Bursts (lysis) - 51ExocytosisSolution comes out of the cell
- 52Endocytessolution goes into the cell
-Vesicular Transport - 53Solute PumpRequires the use of ATP and a protein carrier. Moves solutes against a concentration gradient.
- 54Mitochondria "Power House"Produce cell energy ATP
- 55RibosomesProduce proteins
(for incorporation into new lasma membraneur for lysosomes) - 56Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumManufactures protein
- 57Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumProduces phospholipids, fats and steroids
- 58Liver cellsBreakdown stored glycon to glucose
- 59Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Cell (sarcoplasm reticulum)Stores calcium for muscle contraction
- 60Golgi Bodies (Dictyosomes)Made up of 20 flattened plate like structures know as cisterns
Concentrates, modifies and packages the products of the ER into vesicles. - 61LysomesBreakdown of substances entering the cell
e.g. introduces/toxic chemicals
Contains sacs of enzymes - 62PeroxisomesFormation of new membranes
Detoxifies harmful substances
e.g. Alcohol, neutralise free radicals
Found in the Liver and Kidney cells - 63CytoskeletonNetwork of protein filaments
- 64MicrofilamentsStrands made of spherical protein subunits called actins
- 65MicrovilliLarge number of minute projections from the surface of a cell to increase surface area
Specialised in Absorption
e.g. the small intestine and kidney tubules - 66CytoskeletonIntermediate filaments - tough, insoluble protein fibres constructed liken woren ropes
- 67MicrotubulesHollow tubes of spherical pattern subunits called tubulins
e.g. centrosome, cilia, and flagella - 68CentrosomeCentrioles organise the formation of new cilia and flagella, as well the spindle in cell division
- 69Cilia and Flagella - functionsExtensions of the cell membrane involved in the movement
- 70Cilanumerous short extensions that are found on the surface of cells
e.g. move mucus with trapped dust away from the lungs - 71Flagellasingular extension of the cell membrane, which is usually long and propels cells forward
e.g. the whip like tail of a sperm cell. - 72Cell DivisionNumber and types of organelles found in a cell relate to it's function
- 73TranscriptionCodes for protein in the nucleus via the DNA genetic code
Ribosome copies a gene for a protein - 74TranslationWhere the ribosome reads the copied genetic code and translates into amino acid
- 75Cardiac Muscle cellcontractions to move blood around the body from the heart.
- 76Enzymeproducing pancreatic cell
- 77Phagocytic CellBreaks up bacteria and destroys it
- 78Hormonesecreting cell of the ovary
- 79ProximalCloser to the origin of the body part of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
- 80DistalFarther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
- 81Superficial (external)Toward or at the body surface
- 82Deep (internal)Away from the body surface more internal
- 83MedialToward or at the midline of the body on the inner side of
- 84LateralAway from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
- 85IntermediateBetween a more medial and a more lateral structure
- 86Superior (cranial)Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above
- 87Inferior (caudal)Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body below
- 88Anterior (ventral)Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
- 89Posterior (dorsal)Toward or at the back of the body; behind
- 90OsteoBone
- 91CardioHeart
- 92Cyte(mature) cell
- 93ChondroCartilage
- 94Blast(young) cell
- 95PeriPerimeter
- 96Myomuscle
Informações
- Descrição
- Body Systems Homeostasis Feedback Mechanism Cells structure and transport Cells organelles Cells Nucleus DNA & RNA Cell cycle Mitosis and Meiosis
- Criado por
- Natasha Hilton
- Visualizações
- 14
- Avaliação