Flashcards
The simple stomach
Flashcards do conjunto (47)
- 1Give 3 species that have a simple stomachhorse, pig, carnivore
- 2Complete - the stomach is a ______ organ between the _____ and the ______musculo-glandular
oesphagus and small intestine - 3Which 3 regions form the larger part of the stomachcardiac
fundic
body - 4Give the properties of the larger part of the stomach- oesphagus opens onto this part
- lies to left of median plane
- in direct contact with liver and diaphragm
- relatively distensible - 5What is the second part of the stomach called and give its propertiespyloric
- narrower than cardiac,fundic,body part
- thicker walls
- passes to right to contunie into duodenum at pylorus - 6What are the 2 surfaces of the stomach1 - cranial or parietal - in contact with the liver and diaphragm
2 - caudal or visceral - in contact with intestinal mass, kidney, pancreas and greater omentum - 7What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach1 - lesser curvature = short and sharply concave. Connected to liver by lesser omentum
2 - greater curvature = long and convex
forms visceral attachment site of greater omentum and gastrosplenic ligament - 8What is the role of the gastrosplenic ligament- attaches spleen to stomach
- 9What are the 2 extremities of stomach1 - cardia - oesphageal orifice into stomach
2 - pylorus - opening of stomach into intestine - 10Describe the size and position of the stomach- subject to considerable variation
- lies in transverse position
- more to L of median plane
- forms extensive concavity in caudal surface of the liver - 11What are the external features of the stomach- C or J shaped
- visceral surface
- parietal surface
- greater and lesser curvature - 12Describe the external visceral surface- variably convex outer surface
- lies in contact with left lobe of pancreas
- separated from intestinal mass and L kidney by visceral leaf of greater omentum - 13Describe the external parietal surface- contracted state - stomach lies in contact with liver
- produces extensive gastric impression
- dilated stomach extends beyond liver - 14What are the greater and lesser curvaturesgreater = convex, extends from cardia to pylorus
lesser = concave, extends from cardia to pylorus, forming a sharp angle - 15What is the location of the cardiac regionusually around the cardiac sphincter
- 16What is the location of the fundic region- large, rounder and usually the most dorsal part of stomach
- 17What is the body- usually extending from level of the cardia to the ventral angle
- 18What 3 regions are the pyloric region divided into- pyloric antrum - proximal portion
- pyloric canal - distal portion
- pyloric sphincter - outlet of stomach into duodenum - 19What is the greater omentum- extensive serous membrane attached to greater curvature
- rich in fat
- parietal and visceral layer which encloses a cavity - omental bursa
- storage organ for fat and provides protection - 20What is the lesser omentum- serous membrane that extends from the lesser curvature and initial part of duodenum to hilus of liver
- 21What are the 2 parts of the lesser omentum and which part contains the contains the portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct and lymphatic duct- hepatogastric ligament
- hepatoduodenal ligament - contains the structures - 22What artery supplies blood to the stomachbranches of celiac artery
- 23Which vein do the gastric veins drain intoportal vein
- 24What nerves supply the stomachbranches of vagus and sympathetic nerves
- 25What is the structure of the stomach wall- usual 4 layers of the alimentary canal
- distinctions made based on the nature of the inner lining of the stomach -whether non-glandular or glandular and the types of glands present - 26What is the structure of the non glandular region- structure similar to oesophagus
- muscularis mucosa usually present
- NO GLANDS in wall - 27What is the structure of the glandular region- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- serosa - 28What is the mucosa structure- longitudinal folds - gastric folds or rugae
-surface epithelium invaginates to form gastric pits -lined by mucus secreting simple columnar surface epithelium - 29What is the purpose of the mucusprotect the gastric mucosa (may produce bicarbonate as well, especially in cardiac and pyloric gland regions)
- 30What are the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the muscluaris externa1 - Inner- oblique
2 - Middle- circular- helps form the thick ring of the pyloric sphincter and the weaker ring of the cardiac sphincter
3 - Outer- longitudinal- is a very thin layer - 31Based on types of cells present in tubular glands of the mucosa, what 3 regions are the lumenal surface of the glandular region divided intocardiac
fundic
pyloric - 32How does the glandular region differ in speciesman and dog - normal
ruminant - large non glandular region compared to glandular
pig - large cardiac region
horse - large non glandular - 33Describe the features of the cardiac zone- gastric pits lined by simple columnar epithelium - produce mucus
- glands = short, branched, composed of mainly mucous cells - 34Describe the features of the fundic zone- gastric pits lined by simple columnar epithelium - produce mucus
- glands - tubular and branched
- divided into neck, body and base - 35What 4 types of cells are found in gland wall of fundic zone1 - mucus neck cells - produce mucus
2 - chief cells - line lumen in body and base of gland. Produce enzymes. Most numerous in fundic glands
3 - parietal cells - present in neck body and base of gland and produce HCl
4 - endocrine cells - produce gastric, secretin - 36Describe the features of the pyloric zone- gastric pits are much deeper
- branched glands
- cells in gland wall = mucus cells - 37Briefly describe the features of the dog stomach- relatively large
- cardia lies to let of median plan
- ventral to 11/12 throacic vertebrae
- fundus = most dorsal part
- pyloric region - small and cylindrical
- greater omentum = v extensive and may contain much fat - 38Describe the position of the dog stomach when completely distendedit lies largely in contact with the xiphoid and umbilical regions ventrally and the right and left lateral portions of the abdominal wall and reaches caudally to a transverse plane just caudal to the umbilicus
- 39What are the 3 distinct regions of the mucosa in the dog stomach- cardiac glands
fundic gland
pyloric mucosa - 40Briefly describe the features of the horse stomach- relatively small
- mainly left dorsal part of abdominal cavity
- extensive fundus and forms a large non glandular sac (saccus caecus)
- saccus separated from rest of stomach by mucosal fold (margo plicates)
- greater omentum = relatively small - 41What marks the boundary between the non glandular and glandular regions of the gastric mucosa in the horse stomachmargo plicatus
- 42Give 2 reasons why horses cannot vomit- strong cardiac sphincter
- oesophagus enters at an acute angle so the cardia closes when stomach expands - 43Briefly describe the features of a pig stomach- relatively large
- fundus has a flattened conical pouch - diverticulum
- torus pyloricus - 44What are the 4 distinct regions of the mucosa in a pig stomach1 - proventricular region - lies around cardia
2 - cardiac gladn region
3 - fundic gland region
4 - pyloric region - 45What is the torus pyloricusprojection of tissue from the wall of the lesser curvature into pylorus
- highly glandular
- strong fibromuscular/muscular/fat layer
- assists pyloric sphincters to close pyloric opening - 46Describe the features of the birds stomach- 2 distinct parts separated by constriction
= isthmus
- proventriculus - small cranial glandular stomach
- gizzard - large caudal muscular stomach - 47What are the 3 parts of the gizzard1 - craniodorsal blind sac
2 - body
2 - caudoventral blind sac
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- Veterinary bioscience - Digestive system FlashCards sobre The simple stomach, criado por Teresa Richards em 12-03-2018.
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- Teresa Richards
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