Flashcards
Metaphysics and Epistemology: Goals, Questions and Key Concepts
Flashcards do conjunto (8)
- 1what is the distinctive goal of a metaphysician?to understand the structure of reality: what kinds of entities exist and what are their most fundamentalandgeneralfeaturesandrelations.(Ney2014:xiii)
- 2metaphysics asks what the world is like(Sider 2008: 1)
- 3Metaphysicians are concerned with the way the world is. But so are physicists, etc. What sets them apart?• Metaphysics demarcates appearance and reality. • What is the reality behind mere appearance?
- 4what is epistemology?Epistemology concerns knowledge and justification (and belief, but specifically: justified belief)
- 5Epistemology is…Defined narrowly, epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief. As the study of knowledge, epistemology is concerned with the following questions: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its sources? What is its structure, and what are its limits? As the study of justified belief, epistemology aims to answer questions such as: How we are to understand the concept of justification? What makes justified beliefs justified? Is justificationinternalorexternaltoone'sownmind?(Steup2014)
- 6Epistemology is…Traditional analytic epistemology has focused on analyzing knowledge and epistemic justification, and has generated a plethora of competing analyses of each of these two concepts. To illustrate, leading rival analyses of justification have claimed that beliefs are justified when they are (for instance): in accordance with one’s epistemic obligations (Chisholm), supported by one’s evidence (Conee and Feldman), produced by a reliable process (Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition), or based on adequate grounds (Alston). Rival analyses of knowledge have claimed (for example) that knowledgeisundefeatedjustifiedtruebelief (LehrerandPaxson);that knowledge requires one’s belief to track the truth (Nozick); or that the standards for knowledge shift with changes in context (Cohen). (Battaly 2008:640)
- 7What are the limits of knowledge?Sceptics suggest that there are plenty of propositions that we think we know but, in fact, we don’t know them.
• At first pass, this has little to do with what we think about what knowledge isbut, instead, has to do with relevant sceptical scenarios that we cannot rule out… - 8—
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