Flashcards
Week 1- the self
Flashcards do conjunto (23)
- 1What is the function of the self?Self-concept/ self-awareness, knowing what you are good and bad at.
Interpersonal self: how we present ourselves publically, allowing social gains.
Agentic self: self-control--> also the doer rather than just the knower. - 2Turner (1976) proposed what about the idea of true self?1. Self as impulse
2. Self as an institution (public self)
Weddings may be impulse OR institution depending on culture. - 3Markus and Kitayama (1991)Cultural variances in how self is constructed in relation to others.
NA/ Europe Independent self-construal (me vs them)
Asian= interdependent (connecting people) - 4What is the purpose of the self?Erving Goffman (1959)--> actors in their roles, identity stems from a larger cultural system.
Satnav--> keeps us on track knowing what we have to do. - 5What is self-awareness theory? (Duval and Wickland, 1972)1. Made aware of self through different mediums (hearing name, audience, mirror)
2. If there are unpleasant self-discrepancies we either change to a standard or escape from self-awareness. - 6Why do people change according to self- awareness theory?Improves your behaviour (Diener, 1979) and do so when it is more achievable and desirable to do so.
- 7How and why do people escape the self?Because they feel bad and may drink (Wisman et al., 2015)
More extreme will commit suicide (Baumeister, 1990).
People avoid looking in mirrors when they commit contradictory actinons (Greenberg & Musham, 1981). - 8Diener & Wallbom, 1976 (mirror cheating experiment)Students are less likely to cheat in a test when placed with a mirror.
- 9What is the looking-glass self (Cooley, 1902)You imagine how people will judge you and this creates an emotional response. Feedback and critiques usually hard to take.
Although self-concept is usually much different from what others think of us. - 10Discrepancies in introspection and environment (study examples). Why?Nisbett & Wilson, 1977--> people chose stocking last in line, but said it was because of the quality or colour.
Smith & Engel, 1968--> men more enthusiastic about cars with women posing on them, but would say it was because of the car rather than the woman.
Duplex mind: automatic takes over introspective, conscious part. - 11What is social comparison? (Festinger, 1954)Perceived difference between you and others:
- Upward social comparison can either inspire or discourage
-The downward social comparison makes you feel better but there is a lack of inspiration. - 12What is self-perception theory (Bem, 1965). Given an exampleDeveloping a response to something based on their behaviour and asking why they acted in such a way.
- 13Facial feedback experiment (Strack, Martin and Stepper, 1988)pen in the mouth, cartoons will be funnier.
Not replicated and aware they were filmed. - 14Rewards: intrinsic reward (Deci, 1971)People spend longer on a puzzle when it is intrinsically rewarding than extrinsic (being paid to do it). The puzzle lacked intrinsic reward when money was introduced, so spent less time.
- 15Why do we seek self-knowledge?Appraisal (truth about self)--> weakest motive
Self-enhancement motive (strongest motive) by using automatic egotism.
Consistency motive by confirming yourself and current beliefs. - 16Why do we self-handicapp? Berglas & Jones (1978)We preer to blame external than internal.
Given a drug to reduce or enhance intelligence, more likely to take reducing one in noncontingent test - 17What is the self-referencing effect? (Rogerts et al., 1977) and endowment effectWe like things that relate to us and will remember them more (self-referencing).
Endowment: value increases if you own it (Kahneman et al., 1990) such as lottery tickets .
Due to duplex mind, automatic part. - 18What occurs during low self-esteem?Do not want to fail and are more emotional. Not about negative views, just lacking strong positive ones.
Protecting ego rather than enhancing it, less likely to take chances. - 19How do we decieve ourselves?Self-serving bias (Gonzales et al., 1990)
Being sceptical of negative feedback and embracing positive feedback. Claiming credit for success and denying blame for anythng. - 20Positives of high self-esteemHigher levels of hope (Wisman & Heflick, 2015) so higher initiative.
Better emotional bounceback - 21Bad side of self-esteemNarcissism may increase aggression and confrontation
Bullying
Prejudice. - 22What is the sociometer theory (Leary & Baumeister, 1995)Measure of your social acceptability. Acts as an existential buffer (terror management. Greenberg pyszczynski and solomon, 1986).
But persuing too much self-esteem can be harmful for the self and lead to smoking and drinking when they have to escape. - 23Add in studies on self-presentationGuitar
Handwashing
Schizophrenia
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- Psychology year 2 (Social_Individual) FlashCards sobre Week 1- the self , criado por chantel Smith em 19-02-2019.
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- chantel Smith
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