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Flashcards

Gish Final Exam 2019 Flashcards

Colleen Gish Inglês 78 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (78)

  1. 1Which phrase best describes evolution?Genetic change in populations that may give rise to new life forms from common ancestors
  2. 2The tongue of frog species X is sticky and it evolved by natural selection for trapping flying insects. Other frogs have less sticky tongues. The sticky tongue of species X is an example ofAn adaptation
  3. 3Scientists found the fossilized remains of a mammal’s jaw and leg. What additional information do scientists need to hypothesize the age of the fossil?A strati-graphic layer where the fossils were found
  4. 4Monkeys and apes have blood proteins more similar to each other than either is to the blood proteins of horses. What does this similarity suggest about monkeys and apes as compared to horses?Monkeys and apes share a more recent common ancestor
  5. 5Natural selection of bird beak sizes and shapes is most likely to occur when ____There is a shortage of food and so the birds must compete with one another.
  6. 6What type of variation in finches is passed to their descendants?Characteristics that are genetically determined.
  7. 7On the Galapagos Islands, finch populations with different beak shapes and sizes became distinct species. These species were distributed on the various islands. What statement explains why they became distinct species?Finch populations were variable. Individuals whose features were best suited to the available food supply on each island reproduced most successfully.
  8. 8A change in structure, behavior, or physiology that enhances survival and reproductive success in a particular environment is called ____adaptation
  9. 9Which of the following can occur when a population is geographically isolated from another population?speciation
  10. 10Which statement is NOT part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?Changes in the environment cause beneficial mutations.
  11. 11Three different species of salamanders are found on five neighboring islands. These three species are similar to one species found on a nearby continent. Salamanders eat a variety of insects and plants. Evolution is most likely to occur when____there is competition for resources.
  12. 12The different species of mice living in three areas have varying body sizes. Which statement most likely explains the variations according to the theory of natural selection?Mutation and crossing over during meiosis both created new variations in mouse body sizes.
  13. 13Which statement best describes a trait in frogs that is likely to be inherited by offspring?A parent frog is born with an extra finger. The offspring of this parent can inherit extra fingers.
  14. 14The mole rat is an animal with long claws and teeth for digging deep holes. Scientists think the ancestors of the mole rat lived above ground and had shorter claws and teeth. Which of the following processes resulted in the long claws and teeth that are traits of the mole rat?Natural selection
  15. 15“Biodiversity” refers to the idea that ____species vary at the ecosystem, species, and genetic levels.
  16. 16Approximately 99% of the information in human DNA is shared by chimpanzee DNA. This is evidence of which of the following?Chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor.
  17. 17According to geological evidence the earth isbillions of years old
  18. 18A scientist digs in an undisturbed field and finds a leg bone of dinosaur A about 6 meters below the surface. She keeps digging and finds a jawbone of dinosaur B about 15 meters below the surface. Based on this information, which is the MOST likely conclusion?Dinosaur B lived before dinosaur A.
  19. 19Which of the following have existed on Earth for the longest period of time?Single-celled organisms
  20. 20A man lifts weights and exercises until he is very muscular. He works out with the hope that his unborn children will also be physically muscular. A problem with his idea is that ____characteristics that are acquired during one’s lifetime cannot be passed onto offspring.
  21. 21Which of the following statements about the DNA of two species is TRUE?The more similar the DNA, the more recent the common ancestor is likely to be.
  22. 22Which of the following lists the organisms from earliest to latest in the fossil record?Bacteria, fish, mammals
  23. 23A population of large fish eats the smaller brown fish that live near the bottom of the ocean. Every so often, the brown fish have a green offspring, which are more easily seen and eaten by predators. The brown fish survive in the ocean because____their coloring makes them more fit than the green fish
  24. 24Every so often, the green moths in a population that lives in a pine forest have a brown offspring. The brown moths are more likely to be seen and eaten by predators. If increased pollution caused the pine trees in the forest to be heavily covered with brown particles, what is most likely to happen?The brown moths would be less likely to be eaten by the birds. Over time, the moth population would have more brown moths.
  25. 25Which of the following statements explains genetic variation? Genetic variation arises____through mutation, crossing over during meiosis, and the unique pairing of sperm and egg.
  26. 26Parrot P has a larger bill than other parrots of the same species. When Parrot P breeds, some of its offspring also have larger bills. Parrot P’s large bill is most likely the result ofa mutation
  27. 27A female giraffe with a short neck is having a difficult time reaching the leaves on the taller trees. According to the theory of natural selection, which of the following is possible?Although the giraffe survives on leaves from shorter trees her offspring with longer necks are more likely to survive.
  28. 28The allele for green pod color (G) is dominant over the allele for yellow pod color (g). What is the genotype for a plant with yellow pods?gg
  29. 29An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is ____ for that trait.heterozygous
  30. 30Assume that in humans, brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b). The mother’s genotype is bb and the father’s is Bb. What are the predicted frequencies of eye color of the children of these parents?1/2 brown eyes and 1/2 blue eyes
  31. 31Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes serious respiratory problems. Brad and Janet are healthy adults with three children. Two of the children appear to be healthy and one child has cystic fibrosis. The normal allele is represented as C. The disease-causing allele is represented as c. A person who is homozygous for the c allele will have the cystic fibrosis disease. What is Brad’s genotype? What is Janet’s genotype?Brad = Cc; Janet = Cc
  32. 32Which statement about mutations is correct?Mutations are sources of variations in offspring.
  33. 33When does crossing over occur?Meiosis I; Prophase I
  34. 34How many chromosomes does a human body cell contain?46
  35. 35Hemoglobin protein is produced by immature red blood cells, but liver cells from the same species do not produce hemoglobin protein. Why?The gene for hemoglobin is turned off in liver cells.
  36. 36How does the number of chromosomes in a human liver cell compare to the number of chromosomes in a human brain cell?The number of chromosomes in both cells is equal.
  37. 37What is one function of mitosis?to equally divide replicated chromosomes into daughter cells
  38. 38Sperm cells of the Russian dwarf hamster contain 14 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a normal body cell of the Russian dwarf hamster?28
  39. 39What complementary DNA sequence binds to this DNA sequence: A – G – T – A – C ?T – C – A – T – G
  40. 40Replication in Protein Synthesis is for what molecule?DNA
  41. 41Translation occurs when RNA helps put together what building blocks of proteins?amino acids
  42. 42A DNA molecule is found to contain 40% of the nitrogenous base thymine (T). What percentage of nitrogenous base adenine (A) does this molecule contain?40%
  43. 43mRNA comes from what molecule?DNA
  44. 44The nitrogen bases A, U, C, and G from mRNA combine together in groups of 3 to form what?codons
  45. 45If an organism has two identical alleles for a single trait, for that trait the organism is consideredhomozygous
  46. 46Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes serious respiratory problems. Brad and Janet are healthy adults with three children. Two of the children appear to be healthy and one child has cystic fibrosis. The normal allele is represented as C. The disease-causing allele is represented as c. A person who is homozygous for the c allele will have the cystic fibrosis disease. Although Janet and Brad do not have the disease, they are carriers of the disease. For the cystic fibrosis allele, Janet’s and Brad’s genotypes areheterozygous
  47. 47During Meiosis I crossing over can occur. What is the MOST common result of crossing over?new combinations of genes
  48. 48Which statement about the nucleotide sequences in the DNA in the nuclei of human liver and skin cells is true?The DNA sequences of the two cells are 100% the same.
  49. 49A cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes MITOSIS. Which of these statements is true?2 daughter cells will be created and each daughter cell will have 20 chromosomes.
  50. 50What part of the nucleic acid carries the genetic information?the nitrogen bases
  51. 51Is mRNA single or double stranded?single
  52. 52Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form...proteins
  53. 53Two gametes (sex cells) combine duringsexual reproduction
  54. 54In the cells of most organisms, DNA is contained in thenucleus
  55. 55Which of the following best describes how the human body is organized, from the largest to smallest structure?cells, chromosomes, DNA
  56. 56Assume that a trait is represented by the letter a. Which of the following would be used to represent an individual who exhibits the recessive trait?aa
  57. 57A Punnett Square...is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
  58. 58Does a Punnett Square determine probable results or accurate results of genotypes?probable
  59. 59How can an individual with a dominant gentoype be expressed?RR, Rr
  60. 60A Punnett square is used to determine the probability of traits in offspring as a result of:sexual reproduction
  61. 61The offspring of sexual reproduction:receives half of its genetic material from each parent.
  62. 62If a trait skips a generation in a pedigree, it can be said that the condition is usually...recessive
  63. 63Put the following cellular components in order of size from smallest to largest:nucleus, chromosome, cell, nucleotide, genenucleotide, gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell
  64. 64A cross between two plants that have pink flowers produced offspring that have red, pink, or white flowers. Which is the most likely explanation for these results?The allele for flower color shows incomplete dominance.
  65. 65A normal body cell of a fruit fly contains eight chromosomes. Each normal gamete of this organism contains only four chromosomes, as a result of the process ofmeiosis
  66. 66In a certain species of bird, the allele for red feathers (R) is dominant over the allele for green feathers (r). When a heterozygous red-feathered bird is mated with a green-feathered bird, what percentage of the offspring is likely to possess the red feather trait?50%
  67. 67Which baby could not be the child of parents who both have type AB blood?i i (no A or B)
  68. 68The nitrogen bases found in DNA are represented by the lettersA, T, G, and C
  69. 69Four stages in the production of protein molecules in a cell are listed below. 1 - Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome. 2 - DNA molecules serve as templates for messenger RNA molecules.3 - Messenger RNA molecules move to ribosomes. 4 - A chain of amino acids forms on the ribosome. Which sequence best represents the correct order of these stages?2 – 3 – 1 – 4
  70. 70If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transfer RNA base sequence isU-U-A
  71. 71The typical sex chromosomes of a male human areXY
  72. 72In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene?A-G-C-T-T-A
  73. 73In a certain species of mouse, gray fur (G) is dominant over cream-colored fur (g). If a homozygous gray mouse is crossed with a cream-colored mouse, the genotype of the F1 generation will most likely be100% Gg
  74. 74Human sperm cells and egg cells are a direct result ofmeiosis
  75. 75If a single adenine nucleotide is deleted from a nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule, the result is amutation
  76. 76How many chromosomes are contained in a human gamete (egg or sperm) cell?23
  77. 77Color blindness is carried on which chromosome?X
  78. 78Red-green color blindness is what type of sex linked disorder?X linked recessive

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FlashCards sobre Gish Final Exam 2019 Flashcards, criado por Colleen Gish em 22-05-2019.
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Colleen Gish
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