Flashcards
CHAPTER 1 - RECONSTRUCTING AND ANALYZING ARGUMENTS
Flashcards do conjunto (24)
- 1ARGUMENTA SET OF STATEMENTS, SOME OF WHICH (THE PREMISES) ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A REASON FOR THINKING THAT SOME OTHER STATEMENT (THE CONCLUSION) IS TRUE.
- 2PREMISETHE REASON FOR THINKING THAT THE CONCLUSION IS TRUE
- 3STATEMENTA TYPE OF SENTENCE THAT CAN BE TRUE OR FALSE AND CORRESPONDS TO THE GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF A "DECLERATIVE SENTENCE"
- 4PREMISE INDICATORA WORD THAT INDICATES THAT WHAT FOLLOWS IT IS A STATEMENT THAT IS CLEARLY INTENDED TO BE A REASONING
- 5CONCLUSION INDICATORA WORD THAT INDICATES THAT WHAT FOLLOWS IT IS A STATEMENT THAT SOMEONE IS TRYING TO ESTABLISH AS TRUE
- 6SUBSTITUTION TESTSUBSTITUTING ANOTHER WORD OR PHRASE THAT IS A PREMISE INDICATOR OR CONCLUSION INDICATOR TO SEE IF THE RESULTING SENTENCE STILL MAKES SENSE
- 7EXPLANATIONAN ARGUMENT THA ATTEMPTS TO SHOW WHY IT'S CONCLUSION IS TRUE
- 8MAIN CONCLUSIONTHE STATEMENT THAT DEPENDS ON OTHER STATEMENTS AS EVIDENCE BUT DOESN'T ITSELF PROVIDE ANY EVIDENCE FOR ANY OTHER EVIDENCE
- 9INTERMEDIATE CONCLUSIONA PREMISE FOR THE MAIN CONCLUSION BUT ALSO ITSELF THE CONCLUSION OF FUTHER PREMISES
- 10SUBARGUMENTA PART OF AN ARGUMENT THAT PROVIDES INDIRECT SUPPORT FOR THE MAIN ARGUMENT
- 11MAIN ARGUMENTTHE ARGUMENT WHOSE CONCLUSION IS THE MAIN CONCLUSION
- 12PARAPHRASEUSE OF DIFFERENT WORDS TO CAPTURE THE SAME IDEA IN A CLEARER WAY
- 13VALIDITYHOW WELL THE PREMISES SUPPORT THE CONCLUSION
- 14VALID ARGUMENTAN ARGUMENT WHOSE CONCLUSION CANNOT POSSIBLY BE FALSE, ASSUMING THAT THE PREMISES ARE TRUE
- 15COUNTER EXAMPLEA DESCRIPTION OF A SCENARIO IN WHICH THE PREMISES OF THE ARGUMENT ARE ALL TRUE WHILE THE CONCLUSION OF THE ARGUMENT IS FALSE
- 16INFORMAL TEST OF VALIDITYASK YOURSELF WHETHER YOU CAN IMAGINE A WORLD IN WHICH ALL THE PREMISES ARE TRUE AND YET THE CONCLUSION IS FALSE. IF YOU CAN IMAGINE SUCH A WORLD, THE NTHE ARGUMENT IS VALID. IF YOU CANNOT IMAGINE SUCH A WORLD, THEN THE ARGUMENT IS VALID.
- 17SOUND ARGUMENTA VALID ARGUMENT THAT HAS ALL TRUE PREMISES
- 18DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTAN ARGUMENT WHOSE CONCLUSION IS SUPPOSED TO FOLLOW FROM THE PREMISES WITH ABSOLUTE CERTAINITY
- 19INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTAN ARGUMENT WHOSE CONCLUSION IS SUPPOSED TO FOLLOW FROM ITS PREMISES WITH A HIGHER LEVEL OF PROBABILITY
- 20DEFEASIBLE ARGUMENTSBY ADDING FURTHER INFORMATION OR PREMISES TO THE INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT WE CAN OVERTURN THE VERDICT THAT THE CONCLUSION IS SUPPORTED BY THE PREMISES
- 21STRONG INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTSINDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS WHOSE PREMISES GIVE US A STRONG, EVEN IF DEFEASIBLE, REASON FOR ACCEPTING THE CONCLUSION
- 22WEAK INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTSAN INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT THAT DOES NOT PROVIDE A STRONG REASON FOR ACCEPTING THE CONCLUSION
- 23MISSING PREMISEA PREMISE THAT THE ARGUMENT NEEDS IN ORDER TO BE AS STRONG AS POSSIBLE
- 24PRINCIPLE OF CHARITYSTATES THAT WHEN RECONSTRUCTING THE ARGUMENT, YOU SHOULD TRY TO MAKE THAT ARGUMENT AS STRONG AS POSSIBLE.
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- PHIL 110 Philosophy FlashCards sobre CHAPTER 1 - RECONSTRUCTING AND ANALYZING ARGUMENTS, criado por divya aggarwal em 11-08-2019.
- Criado por
- divya aggarwal
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