Flashcards

Baroque Art Midterm

Erin Ambrose Inglês 113 flashcards

1. Attention to ___ and ___ 2. Simply a study of mastering what? 3. This artist's style is called "Intense ____"

Flashcards do conjunto (113)

11. Attention to ___ and ___ 2. Simply a study of mastering what? 3. This artist's style is called "Intense ____"Annibale Carracci, Study of a Reclining Boy, c. 1580, drawing
1. Form and musculature
2. The human form
3. Intense Naturalism
21. This artist was from an old university town called ____ 2. Created an informal club that eventually became more formal and was called what? 3. They vouched for ____, not classicism. What is the difference? 4. What kind of painting is this, and what does that mean? (___ painting)Annibale Carracci, The Butcher’s Shop, c. 1580, oil on canvas
1. Bologna
2. The Academy of Progressives
3. Realism; realism dealt with everyday life and everyday subject matter, not idealized
4. This is a genre painting; scenes of everyday life
31. What two paths are being depicted here and what is the "right" and "wrong" one? Describe what is on each path 2. What attitude at the time does this Pagan work reflect? How does it relate to religion/Catholics being intellectuals also? 3. They created admired these pieces and analyzed them for ____ of _____ 4. Serves as poetic ____ for human life 5. Roman art had a certain ____ to it 6. Emulates _____'s Adam and can now arrange him in different poses, as in Hercules 7. Why does the artist want the references to be seen? 8. How does this artist emulate Titian?Annibale Carracci, The Choice of Hercules, 1600, oil on canvas
1. The "difficult" path through treterous road with a Pegasus on top, or the "easy road" paved with flowers and temptation, but there's a burning building at the top?
2. Reflects cosmopolitan attitudes of Roman nobility. They were Catholic but also highly educated humanists that studIED THE CLASSICS
3. Clues of Christianity
4. metaphor
5. Sensuality
6. Michelanglo's Adam
7. So the viewers can feel smart
8. Lush background
4—Annibale Carracci, Madonna with St. Matthew, 1590, oil on canvas
5—Agostino Carracci [after Paolo Veronese], Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine, 1580, engraving
61. Describe the colors 2. This is not academic art. What art (or mode) is it? 3. Describe how this work looks like it was painted with passion. 4. Lacks _____ elegance; feels jarring 5. Give four reasons why this painting evokes a sense of melancholia 6. What was melancholia and how was it associated with the artist? How was it argued to be something that helped the artist?Annibale Carracci, Self-Portrait, 1600, oil on panel
1. Muddy, dark
2. Realistic mode
3. Gloppy paint, quick brushwork
4. classical elegance
5. Muted expression, dark clothing, pursed lips, dim lighting
6. Melancholia was associated with the "tortured" genius, but it wasn't necessarily a negative thing. Was believed to be a sign of intelligence and inspo; the artist could have a better understanding of psychology
71. He created the ____ landscape 2. This style became the most popular genre of painting by the end of the ____th century 3. What ruined the popularity of this style, and when? 4. For a long time, landscapes weren't considered high-minded or ambitious; what were they considered? 5. Often excluded humans - why was this revolutionary?Annibale Carracci, Flight into Egypt, 1600, oil on canvas
1. Classical landscape
2. 17th centuRY
3. WALLPAPER IN THE MID 1800s
4. Cheaper, smaller, and more fun than intellectual
5. BECAUSE IT JUST FOCUSED ON ELEVATING NATURE
81. Sweet expression on her face is inspired by what artist? 2. Why is this called a Pieta? 3. What is this an emulation of? 4. Puts the virgin in a reasonable proportion, because he is a student of ____ (style of painting) 5. color is used to generate ____ 6. What technique is being used? 7. Where would this typically be placed?Annibale Carracci, Pietà, 1600, oil on canvas
1. Rafael
2. Dead Christ in Virgin's lap
3. Michelangelo's Pieta
4. Naturalism
5. Mood; the blue is used to be melancholic and somber
6. Tenebrism
7. Home for private devotion
91. Rivals what famous piece? 2. What three devices are used to trick the eye? 3. What different medium surrounds the paintings? 4. Reimagining of what two artists? 5. What is the relationship of the two main characters? What are they each known for? 6. What is the story? What are they wearing? 7. Describe the mood of the crowd. 8. Suggests ____ encounters that may occur from overindulgance. 9. How do the nymphs encourage audience participation? 10. What poem inspired this? What was it about? (short)Annibale Carracci, Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne from "The Loves of the Gods," Galleria Farnese, 1600
1. Sistine Chapel
2. Trompe 'loeil, quadura tura, di sotto en su
3. Nude marble statues
4. Raphael and Caravaggio
5. Bacchus (god of wine) and his lover, Ariadne (beer/wheat)
6. They're being paraded through their admirers on a golden chariot pulled by tigers; Bacchus wears crown of grapes and vines
7. Crowd is laughing, drinking, erotically posed
8. violence
9. They look at the viewers
10. Avad's Metamorphosis (explored the triumphs of the Gods in erotic ways)
101. Most famous for what paintings? 2. His paintings were religious but sort of ____ (though that part was sublte) 3. Known for making his femalef figures do what?Guido Reni, Mary Magdalene, c. 1640, oil on canvas
1. Female devotional paintings
2. Sensual
3. Look up to the sky devotionally
111. Inspired by what artist 2. This artist was unable to paint ___ figures 3. The scene is supposed to be violent, but it seems more ___ 4. This artist was kown for creating work that was ____ 5. This kind of art made people feel ____Guido Reni, St. Michael, 1640, oil on silk, Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome
1.Rafael
2. ugly figures
3. serene
4. very beautiful
5. emotional
121. Moved to what uni town? 2. Set up a mail order business. Describe how this worked. 3. Who is at the bottom and what are they doing? 4. Is this academic? 5. This is the idea of the Virgin ____ the city 6. Guido Reni was especially known for what feature in his features?Guido Reni, Pala della Peste, 1630, oil on silk
1. Bologna
2. Could ask what painting of the Virgin would cost, tell him what your class was, and he would give you a price
3. Saints; asking the Virgin for pity for the people of Parma
4. Yes
5. protecting
6. Figures looking up to the sky piously
131. Potentially adapting pre_____ techniques 2. This artist's commissionsw ere mostly for the -____ to support the ____ 3. Distinct mini __ happening all around the painting 4. Women are meant to be erotic for who? 5. Who is in the center and how can we tell? 6. Who is spying from the bush and how do they engage the viewer? 7. This is a ____ painting (hint: private) 8. This is a historia painting. It's also classical. Give 4 reasons why.Domenichino, Diana and Her Nymphs, 1620, oil on canvas
1. Pre-medival
2. church, to support counter reformation
3. Mini scenes
4. The male viewer
5. Diana; we can tell because she is in the center with a moon on her head holding archery equipment
6. Shepherds; look at the viewer as if to say "shh"
7. cabinet
8. Italian springtime, trees framing, zig zag in background, pastoral
141. What's the story? 2. Describe 3 indications of this being playful (hint: different scenes)Domenichino, St. Cecilia Distributing Alms, 1610, fresco, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
1. St. Cecilia was wealthy but now she's giving all her beautiful items away in dedication to Christ
2. Little genre scenes of mother laughing, hands grabbing at clothing, woman and man negotiating how much to sell clothing for
151. What is the story? 2. How can we tell he's obviously painting real objects?Caravaggio, The Cardsharps, 1600, oil on canvas
1. 2 guys are scamming the guy witht he cards in a tavern
2. everything is very detailed
161. Most of this artist's clientele was who (____ men from ___ levels of Roman ____) 2. Why do these paintings reflect subjects taken from ancient mythology? 3. What painting technique does this artist frequently use, but didn't invent? 4. What 3 things was this artist popularily criticized for? 5. Given three indications for why this painting is homoerotic.Caravaggio, Boy Bitten by a Lizard, c. 1590, oil on canvas
1. Powerful men from high levels of Roman clergy
2. Because men of that status read lots of ancient literature about the gods
3. Tenebrism
4. Emulation instead of imitation; not drawing; not creating academic art
5. Overindulgment of grapes and alcohol, phallic balls, young boy available for puchase
171. Name 5 people in this painting (who is in the blue?) 2. What kind of line do the bodies create? 3. How are the primary figures delineated? 4. The lighting is ______stic 5. Describe how this painting both exists and breaks out of its own physical plane (give an example) 6. What does this painting demand of the viewer? (i.e. how are we no longer detached spectators)Caravaggio, Entombment, 1600, oil on canvas
1. Virgin Mary (in blue), Mary Magdalene, St. John, John of Damascus, Christ
2. A diagonal line down to the left
3. Through bright, stark colors (white, green, orange, etc.)
4. tenebristic
5. The painting seems to have a gesture that seems to break outside of the actual plane, but physically/emotionally enters out into the world
6. Demands the viewer participates in the painting and in receiving the body of Christ
181. Who was this artist inspired by? 2. Why were there so few women painters in the Baroque period? (2) 3. Why was this artist an exception? 4. What did her paintings often feature? Why was this? 5. Give 5 Caravaggisti techniques used here. 6. Who was used as a model for Judith?Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1620, oil on canvas
1. Caravaggio
2. Apprenticeships usually involved the young painter-to-be living in the house of their master; this was inappropriate for women to live in the household of another man, in case she was taken advantage of, because it would reflect poorly on her family. Also, women were not allowed to be exposed to nude models
3. She was exception b/c she was already born into the house of a painter - her father
4. Often featured women overpowering violent men. She was raped by her master and went through a court trial, in which she was tortured
5. tenebrism, theatrical, a dark obscure background, features a beheading
6. herself
191. Scene taken from where in the Bible? 2. What is the story here? 3. How does the female gaze change the story?Artemisia Gentileschi, Susanna and the Elders, 1610, oil on canvas
1. Old Testament
2. Susanna was caught bathing by two old men; given the choice to sleep with them or be accused of infidelity. She refuses, her position was recognized by authorities, and the two men were executed
3. She magnifies the physical assault rather than the sensuality and shows the men as monsters
201. Caravaggio's first attempt wasn't submitted. What are three possible reasons why? 2. What story does this painting tell? 3. Why is the first one considered bad? (6 reasons) 4. Why is this one considered good? (7 reasons) 5. How does this new painting STILL violate laws of decorum? (2 reasons)Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, c. 1600, oil on canvas, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome
1. It went against some counter-reformation rules or they changed their minds, but because it's Caravaggio, it was probably an issue with style/decorum
2. Paul is traveling to Damascus, then blacks out and falls off his horse, hears a voice from heaven talking to him; he converts b/c of this intense contact with the divine, changes name from Saul to Paul, then speaks word of C until martyred in Rome
3. Very staged, not cohesive, theatrical, lacks sophistication, awkward poses, and Paul has a bare chest
4. More simplistic, Paul is fully-clothed, his open arms are more welcoming, body is more idealized, painting is more balanced, less figures, emphasis is solely on the figures (black background)
5. Most of the painting is a horse; dirty peasant feet
211. The facade promotes the ____ of the family 2. Explain what type of column is at each level 3. What is on the middle, and how is it recognizable? Explain the animal and plant that was on it before, the one that's on it now, and what it represents. 4. The building is very _____Carlo Maderno (with Gianlorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini), facade of Palazzo Barberini, c. 1630, Rome
1. Wealth/class
2. Doric, then ionic, then corinthian
3. The family coat of arms, which used to be horseflies but then it changed to bees with a laurel wreath. Because a laurel crown is given to poets, and bees go from flower to flower and take pollen and turn it into something new (which is like a poet, taking the good qualities of other writers and putting it into good writing)
4. Symmetrical/beautifully carved
221. Name two ways that this architect distorts traditionally accepted forms of geometric architecture. 2. He shows his ability to push the limits of ______ 3. Gives the space a sense of _____ ____ and a more ___ understanding of architecture 4. Plays with your ____ expectations of what architecture should look like 5. Never works for any big projects or for the Pope directly. Why?Francesco Borromini, spiral staircase, Palazzo Barberini, 1630
1. The staircase is spiraled in a distorted elliptical/oval shape; there are square tops on the Doric columns that curves and aligns with the oval
2. Architectural tradition
3. Visual rhythm/fluid
4. anticipated
5. Because he's too daring
231. Who is depicted in the niches? (2) 2. How can we tell it's Borromini? (hint: he was traditionally trained as what?) 3. What kind of ceiling? 4. Who is the statue of in the back, and what was this statue most likely of before? 5. Name three uses for this. 6. Rendered in aggressive _____, so that we assume the vault is longer than it is. What is that called? 7. ____ play on space 8. Opportunity for what to occur? How is this both exciting and risky?Francesco Borromini, Trompe-l'oeil corridor, Pallazo Spada, 1640, Rome
1. important Catholic saints and military leaders
2. Exquisitely carved; he was trained as a stone carver
3. Barrel vault
4. Statue is of Apollo; most likely was Cupid before
5. Romance, quiet conversation, retreat from city life
6. Foreshortening; trompe 'loeil
7. Whimiscal
8. Opportunity for a social game; it becomes a subject of conversation and exciting, but risky because it could make high-powered visitors feel stupid
241. What kind of school was this? 2. What does the dome mark? 3. How is the dome distorted? 4. This artist's architecture had larger, more ____ functions 5. What two things make this building especially remarkable? 6. Describe the cap on the oculus/lantern. What is it likely inspired by, and how does it violate architecture? 7. The _____ are created in the beautiful motif, located in the ____ of the dome.Francesco Borromini, Sant’Ivo alle Sapienza, 1640, Rome
1. Religious law
2. Marks the entrance of the chapel at the end of the courtyard
3. It's not simply a cylinder; the shape exudes movement and drama
4. Symbolic
5. The lantern/complicated dome.
6. The cap placed on the oculus is a spiral, likely inspired by Islamic traditions. It's asymmetrical, so when one walks through Rome, it really stands out as a violation.
7. "heavens"; interior of the dome
25Finished in what year 1. This order was created to help assist in what? 2. The style is ____ but very ______cal 3. What is distorted/different about this building? What architect is that distinct to? 4. In order to create this facade, the artist has to work with an odd, ____ angle 5. ___ always cost more 6. How is the balcony created to look whimsical? What does the normal construction of balconies resemble? 7. Unexpected ____ makes this building bright and well-lit. How much of this is visible from the outside? 8. Instead of using quill and ink, this artist worked with ___Francesco Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, finished in 1670, Rome
1. This order was designed to help assist in the payment of ransoms (and return “good Christians” make to their homes”)
2. Classical, but asymmetrical
3. The entire building curves/ungulates
4. narrow
5. Curves
6. - On the balcony, he alternates each mini support column on the ballastrade so it looks whimsical (they aren’t all facing the same way)
- They’re not complicated tri-lobed bulbous forms, as opposed to the normal “bowling pin” construction
7. Dome; none is visible from outside
8. Graphite
261. What was this a response to? 2. David was the symbol of what city? 3. How was this meant to reveal itself (how were you supposed to look at it) 4. How is this David different from the previous ones?Gianlorenzo Bernini, David, 1620, marble
1. The tradition of sculptural Davids that had been sculpted since the beginning of the Renaissance
2. Florence
3. When you walk around it you see it from every angle; you see different details and understand it in different ways
4. More dynamic movement
271. What is the story 2. What is this a clear adaptation of 3. How is it meant to reveal itself by being a statue?Gianlorenzo Bernini, Rape of Proserpine, 1620, marble
-1. Hades capturing a nymph
-2. Clearly an adaption of Giambologna’s Rape of the Sabine Woman
-3. This is meant to reveal itself as you walk around it (looks different from every angle, you see different details and understand it in different ways)
281. Explain how this artist created his portrait sculptures. What was he able to capture this way? 2. What point was he trying to make from this process? (not a slave to what?) 3. He was trying to sculpt the ____ of the person 4. What is this type of work called and why? 5. Element of ___ ___ in this depiction. What does that term mean?Gianlorenzo Bernini, Cardinal Scipione Borghese, 1630, marble
1. He would visit the sitter with a sketchpad and then they would have a convo. During the convo, Bernini would move and the sitter would move and he would capture their "likeness" by sketching quick drawings from different angles and in different lights. It would make them more animated and would capture their character. When it was finally time to sculpt, he threw the drawing away and worked by memory.
2. Not interested in capturing all the mundane details of a face; he is NOT a slave to nature, and he works from inspiration.
3. truth
4. Speaking Portrait (representation of someone having a conversation, perhaps with you, the audience)
5. Sprezza Tura
291. Created for what family? 2. He created this work to call to mind the artists of the ___ 3. This was sculpted in a ___ or using the ____ form. 4. Shaped like a what a ___ would look like 5. Rather than just a static person, he sculpted multi-____, multi____ statues that told a ___ 6. He took inspiration from what? 7. What is allegorical about this (each figure stands for one thing)Giambologna, Rape of the Sabine Woman, 1580, marble
1. Borghese family
2. Renaissance
3. Spiral or serpentine form
4. Flame
5. Multi-figured and multi-formed, told a story/narrative
6. Ancient Mythoology
7. Youth, Maturity, and Old Age
301. What is hidden above here, and how does it add to the theatricality? How do the gilded rays help with this? 2. Who do we see on the other side? (hint: marble balcony) 3. Gives the sense that they are in a ____, watching a ___ 4. This is called a belle composto. Give 5 reasons why. 5. What is a prosinium? 6. St. Theresa emphasizes the ___, ___ and ___ sensations of the divine vision. What can her expression almost be read as? What is it really saying? 7. This expression conflates ___ with pleasure 8. How is fire alluded to using clothing? 9. What is the story here? 10. There are two skeletons on the floor; describe what they look like and why they're there. How is Theresa involved?Gianlorenzo Bernini, The Ecstacy of St. Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, 1650, marble, fresco, bronze and gilt, S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome
1. A secret window; allow light to funnel through and create a spotlight; it bounces off the gilded rays
2. Great male members of the Cornaro family in portrait busts having a conversation up on the balcony
3. Theatre, play
4. Gold, rich marble, fresco, stained glass, paintings, relief sculpture
5. The framing device used around a stage in an opera house; here it frames St. Theresa
6. spiritual, physical and emotional. Her expression is erotic/orgasmic but it's saying that you lack physical control when you have a religious experience like this
7. Pain
8. Angel's fabric seems to flicker like a flame; he holds a spear with fire
9. He is about to stab her with the love of God
10. One is happy/praying and one is tortured and damned. Reminds that you will all die eventually, and if you want to end up in heaven, look at Theresa and emulate what she's doing, love and fear God
311. This is a ____ chapel 2. This is called a ___ ___. Name five things it uses. 3. Colored __ on the floor.Gianlorenzo Bernini, The Ecstacy of St. Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, 1640, marble, fresco, bronze and gilt, S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome
1. private
2. belle composto. High relief, low relief, marble, mosaic, bronze
3. stone
321. Where is the altar located, and who sits there? How does this location emphasize the church? (hint: the ___ is symbolically placed in the ___ of the room) 2. How did the Catholics come up with the idea of passing down one Pope to the next? 3. What is located directly under the altar? 4. From a Catholic perspective, the altar is the ____ of all thingsGianlorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, 1630, bronze and gilt
1. In the middle; the Pope sits there. The Papacy is symbolically placed in the middle
2. Catholics interpreted it from Christ telling Peter he would be the rock upon which the church is built
3. The crypt of Saint Peter
4. center
331. Name three materials used here 2. Chair is lifted among the ____ 3. What is above the chair? 4. The ____ chair (think religious) 5. What two things are shown above the chair? (easy) 6. Name three types of figures shown hereBernini, Cathedra Petri, 1660, marble and bronze
1. Bronze, marble, stained glass
2. clouds
3. stained glass window
4. Holy Chair
5. Papal Tiara and Keys
6. cherubs, angels and saints
341. The square is re-imagined as a multi___ 2. What is in the center at the front? (and how did it get here) 3. When you walk in, what are you attracted to in the distance? 4. The front is a big ______ piazza (hint: shape) 5. what kind of columns extend on both sides? 6. The piazza then repeats itself in the shape of a ____ (in the middle) 7. How big is the size of entry into the trapezoid? 8. How does the facade make the building look larger than it actually is?Bernini, Piazza di San Pietro, 1660, Vatican City
1. Multi-stage
2. Ancient Egyptian obalisque (Romans would steal objects from Egypt during Middle Ages and incorporate them into architecture later)
3. The basilica
4. elliptical
5. Doric
6. Trapezoid
7. The same size as the entry into the elliptical piazza
8. It extends past the width of the building
351. Plays with viewer ____ 2. What creepy act is at play here? 3. Fleshy ____ forms 4. What do the 4 women represent? 5. What is the tiger a symbol of? 6. Why did the painter choose to paint it in this lush, verdant background? What did he hope for?Peter Paul Rubens, Allegory of the Four Rivers of the Ancient World, c. 1620, oil on canvas
1. Participation
2. Voyuerism
3. Female forms
4. The four continents - Europe, Asia, Africa and America.
5. The tiger is a symbol of Asia
6. He hoped Antwerp would return to this state after the military hostilities
361. _____ pose; looks like he's marching outwards 2. Where are his eyes looking? How is he still above us? 3. Full-length ____ 4. Who was this traditionally reserved for?Peter Paul Rubens, Portrait of the Duke of Lerma, 1600, oil on canvas
- Manipulating pose, as if he's marching outwards
- makes eye contact, and is yet above eye level
- full length portrait
- traditionally reserved for military portraits
371. This artist _____ portraiture 2. No half-length, no full body, it's ____ 3. How does he represent the status of the subject? 4. What does the direction of her gaze indicate?Peter Paul Rubens, Marchesa Brigida Spinola Doria, 1610, preparatory drawing & oil on canvas
1. Revolutionzed
2. cropped
3. silk clothing; jewelry; lavish background
4. That this was supposed to be hung high on a wall
381. What is the torso that influenced this body shape? 2. He added ____ when adapting the torso 3. This torso is often seen on figures in what scene? 4. What two things did this artist use for painting the human body? 5. Body has a ____, and is posed _____ly 6. This painting marks this artist's introduction of Baroque style into ____ art.Peter Paul Rubens, Raising of the Cross, 1610, oil on canvas
1. Belvederi torso influenced many artists; powerful body
2. Added muscle when adapting the torso
3. This torso is seen in figures in the raising of the cross
4. used both models (not fully idealized) and statuary
5. Body has a swoop; creates an uncomfortable pose
6. Northern
-
39Hint: year is her age 1. She was the daughter of who, and married who? 2. What happened to her husband? 3. She hires a painter to paint her life in 24 scenes. What does she plan to do with these paintings? 4. What are her 24 paintings called, and what do they show? 5. She was exiled from ____ 6. How do we know there are French royalty here? 7. Who is seen at the bottom, saluting the queen? 8. Why are allegorical characters included? 9. This is a positive painting, obviously, but what was this positivity meant to do?Peter Paul Rubens, Marie de’ Medici, Queen of France, landing in Marseilles, 3 November 1600, 1622, oil on canvas
-1. daughter of Cosimo de Medici
2. arranged marriage with Henry IV, who was assassinated
3. Decorate the Palace in Luxembourg
4. The Marie de 'Medici Cycle. They show historial events in ehr life.
5. France
6. The fleur-de lis symbol
7. Neptune and daughters of the sea god
8. to reinforce her right to the throne
9. establish good will between her and the french people
401. Emulates what painter's painting? 2. Incorporates both _____ masters and ____ statuary 3. Less biased in taking multiple elements from what kind of artists? 4. How does he fix the previous artist's mistakes? Give 3 ways howPeter Paul Rubens, Entombment, 1610, oil on canvas
1. emulates Caravaggio's "Entombment"
2. Incorporates contemporary masters and ancient statuary
3. He's less biased in taking multiple elements from contemporary artists
4. He fixes Caravaggio's "mistakes" by making it more human, more balanced, and by peeling back the "harsh naturalism"
411. Interested in portaying what three things?Peter Paul Rubens, St. Gregory Surrounded by Saints, Worshipping the Miraculous Image of the Virgin and Child, 1610, oil on canvas
- he's interested in movement, pose and multiple figures
421. This artist was the son of a lawyer. In order to be a lawyer, one must know what four languages? 2. Who does this "portrait" contain? 3. Called a ____ portrait 4. What is this set in?Peter Paul Rubens, Self-portrait with Justus Lipsius, Philip Rubens, and Jan Wowerius (“The Four Philosophers”), c. 1610, oil on panel
1. Greek, Latin, Flemish, and French
2. Rubens, Rubens' brothers and Justus, his lawyer friend
3. Friendship portrait
4. Salon
43—Peter Paul Rubens, Descent from the Cross, 1610, oil on canvas, Longbowman's Chapel, Antwerp Cathedral
- St. Christopher looks like ancient statuary
- 2 versions (different orientation)
- Study of the belvederi pose
- plays with orthogonal lines
44tenebrismalso occasionally called dramatic illumination, is a style of painting using profoundly pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and where darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image.
45contrappostoA human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs in the axial plane
46frescoFresco painting is a method of painting water-based pigments on freshly applied plaster
47sfumatothe technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.
48Baroquea
49Barroccoa
50When was the Renaissanceroughly
51Reformationa
52Counterreformationa
53Council of Trenta
5430 Years' Wara
55stylea
56classicisma
57mannerisma
58What is the difference between classicism and realism?a
59oila
60etchinga
61Mannerism (maniera)a
62Accademia deglia
63Incamminatia
64Eclecticisma
65What is the difference between emulation and imitation?a
66Impastoa
67Ignudia
68Quadraturaa
69Quadri Riportatia
70Foreshorteninga
71Melancholiaa
72Mistoa
73Colore/disegnoa
74Neo-stoicisma
75Ecstacya
76Sacra Conversazionea
77Invenzionea
78Naturalisma
79Realisma
80What is the difference between realism, naturalism and classicism?a
81Laureaa
82Emblema
83Trompe l'0eila
84Cupolaa
85Balustradea
86Lanterna
87Teatroa
88Piazzaa
89Baldacchinoa
90Figura serpentinataa
91Prince-regenecya
92De Imitatione Statuaruma
93“ut pictura poesis” (Horace)a
94Give three reasons why people chose to become painters over architects1. Less expensive
2. Less time consuming
3. Less risky
95Name 4 attributes of an ancient Roman buildingCorinthian columns, pediments, round arches, vaults
96What prompted Rome to be revitalized as the new "eternal" city of God? Explain how they wanted to revitalize it. They wanted Rome to no longer be an _____ city, but an _____ city- But with the crisis that came with the
During the protestant reformation (and counter-reformation), a number of popes in the 16th/17th century reimagined Rome as the bright, shining jewel of the planet’s one true religion: Christianity
They wanted Rome to no longer be an ancient city, but an eternal city
97Explain how Rome was revitalized as the "eternal" city of God (give 4 explanations as to how they did this architecturally). What was the main idea? (hint: the pope)- some ancient ruins/entire neighborhoods were destroyed, to put in roads
- new aquaducts
- split the city into "parts" so people knew where they were and where they needed to go
- The main roads all lead to the Vatican, which was symbolically saying it was the "center of the world"
- built roads that provided ease of movement
- build roads that provided beautiful views of the city
The Pope is God's sole rep. on Earth, and reimagining the city supports that claim.
98Barberini 1. Barberni's family was ____ and made their money in what two fields? 2. What did their wealth allow them to do? (gain favor with____ and set up reps in ____) 3. Barberini was classically educated. What does this mean? 4. Along with being an architect, he was a ____ and a _____ 5. Typically, how would the new Pope handle the artists who used to paint the old Pope?1. Barberini were a Florence family that made their money in wool/a little bit of banking
2. Acquired wealth that allowed them to set up representatives in Rome, in order to gain favor with the Pope
3. Mafeo Barberini was classically educated (ancient literature, poetry, science = a humanist education)
4. A pope and a poet
5. Typically, you might get rid of the artists that painted the previous Pope so you can replace them with your own artists/supporters
991. Why did this artist work with graphite instead of quill/ink? 2. These were called ____ buildings. Why? 3. Niches in the ceiling with ___, but each ___ looks slightly different than the other 4. How is the dome distorted? Describe what the light does and where it comes from. 5. How was this building controversial and also admired? 6. The ____ of the order increased because of the building 7. How did this building become a pilgrimage for other artists?Francesco Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1640, Rome
1. Because graphite allowed for more correction and careful control
2. Puzzle buildings; because when he could use a circle or square, he'd use an oval or pentagon
3. Flowers
4. The dome an ellipse that leads up to a lantern with a light that shines down on the details
5. It was a violation of traditional architecture, but became a pilgrimage for people who traveled here because it was a "must see" place
6. prestige
7. They wanted to see the "strange church" to learn about its innovations
100Building Plan/Lantern 1. Describe the triangular component and what the different points reference. 2. ____ are found along the length of the triangle 3. Two slightly interspersed equilateral triangles form what kind of shape, and what does this shape symbolize? 4. What three things does the building symbolize? (hint: these three things are functions of the actual university) 5. Describe what the lantern looks like and includes, and what that symbolizesFrancesco Borromini, Sant’Ivo alle Sapienza, 1650, Rome
1. One point of the triangle marks the entrance and the other points mark the side chapels off of the main apse
2. Circles
3. Star of David; refers to God's wisdom
4. Wisdom, education, and posession of knowledge
5. Torches (the enlightent of knowledge, a symbolization for the graduates of the school), then the crown of fire indicates God's knowledge
1011. Maintains a degree of ________ clarity 2. What is carved at the top of the dome under the lantern? 3. There is a message on the top of the dome that references a "winged laurea." What is this and what does it lead to from its location? 4. What is the legend of this visual cue? (hint: has to do with the uni students) 5. The architecture suggest a ____ ____ of the tower, but definitely symbolizes a height of knowledge and ___'s knowledgeFrancesco Borromini, Sant’Ivo alle Sapienza, 1640, Rome
102Biggest difference between Bernini and Borromini (in terms of who was born as what)Borromini was never big; he was the son of a stone carver
Bernini was well-mannered and classy
1031. Explain how the trapezoid exists like a theatre 2. Bernini dramatizes the ____ and uses the language of ____ in order to emphasize this experience 3. How was the artist involved in theatre? What was he known for that were "great delights" of the Roman Baroque period? (3) 4. This composition is often described as a ___ ____. What does that mean 5. What was this artist known for being able to create?Bernini, Piazza di San Pietro, 1660, Vatican City
1. The trapezoid exists as almost a giant theatre, where thousands of pilgrims can stand there and look up at the giant basilica, where the Pope stands and gives them their blessing
2. Pope; theatre
3. Wrote upwards of 40 comedies of his lifetime, making him one of the most prolific playwrights of his era. - He was known to incorporate theatrical mechanisms, special effects and stage devices that were considered “among the great delights” of the Roman Baroque period
4. Belle Composto (beautiful composition). All the arts being used in one grand scheme.
5. Belle Composto
1041. A giant bronze sculpture adds ___ ____ to the alter 2. the altar is the most ____ location of the church 3. Who was this designed for (what person/what family) and how can we tell? (what three things can we see on this) 4. There are two cherubs at the top; what two things are they holding, and what does each symbolize? (hint: one symbolizes that this is where the Pope sits) 5. What are those columns called and what are they meant to call reference to?Gianlorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, 1630, bronze and gilt
1. A giant bronze sculpture adds "visual importance" to the altar
2. Most sacred location
3. Designed for Urban the 8 of the Barberini family. We can tell because of the bees, the laurel crowns, and symbols of the Pope
4. The keys (peter) and the papal tiara (pope)
5. Salomonic columns (meant to reference King Solomon)
105Much of Caravaggio's career was about creating cabinet paintings for cosmopolitan religious people. What are cabinet paintings?Private paintings
106Caravaggio was academic. True or false? Caravaggio liked painting severed heads. True or false?Not academic
Liked beheadings
1071. The maid is depicted as more ____ 2. How have they overpowered him/how does he look weak? 3. She leans away to avoid the ___ 4. Unlike Caravaggio, she had ____, which allowed her to construct this scene over and over 5. Her subjects often feature women protagonists using ____ and ____ against the enemies of GodArtemisia Gentileschi, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1620, oil on canvas
1. Youthful
2. He is naked
3. Blood spray
4. Drawings
5. chastity/sexuality
108What religion was Northern Netherlands? They were the center of great ____ importance.Protestant
Economic importance
109Peter Paul Rubens 1. Was an artist at the forefront in what country (part of country)? 2. Closely allied to the ____ crown 3. Most of his art aligned with which artist? 4. His style was mostly __ and ___ (parts of Europe) (one is vague) 5. He set the standard for ___ art 6. His art was academic. True or false? 7. Explain 6 attributes of Rubens that allowed him to be a successful painter. (hint: he was a gentleman)1. Northern Netherlands
2. Spanish crown
3. Caravaggio
4. Northern and Italian
5. International
6. Academic, yes!
7. Wealthy, from a high class family, elite, close ties to Spanish crown, attractive, could work in the hustle/bustle of art market
1101. Female figures are evocative of which artist? 2. How is this good "misto" (Misto is a quality of good _____ paintings) (location in Italy) 3. How long did it take and what happened at the end? How did this affect the artist emotionally?Annibale Carracci, Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne from "The Loves of the Gods," Galleria Farnese, 1600
1. Raphael
2. Sense of poetry and place, good misto for Venetian artwork
3. Took 4-5 years and Annibale was paid insultingly low at the end; he became depressed and may have committed suicide because of it
111Give 2 qualities of a classical landscape. then give 5 formal qualities of a classical landscapeAnnibale Carracci, Flight into Egypt, 1600, oil on canvas
- looks/feels Italian, even though there is no specific setting
- elevated/high-minded subject matter taken from a literary source (biblical, mythological)
- division of space (foreground, middleground, background, divdied by valleysand rivers)
- inclusion of treees on either side to frame the scene
- clothing that is most likely togas
- colors that are earthy
- calm and pastoral
1121. He uses ______ perspective to make colors fade into the distanceAnnibale Carracci, Flight into Egypt, 1600, oil on canvas
atmospheric perspective
113Caravaggio 1. Was he academic or eclectic? 2. Did he study other great painters? 3. What did he paint from? 4. Criticzed for a lack of ____ 5. Unable to ___ other artists 6. Did he have decorum or disegno?1. no
2. no
3. life
4. imagination
5. emulate
6. no

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Descrição: FlashCards sobre Baroque Art Midterm , criado por Erin Ambrose em 11-10-2019.
Criado por: Erin Ambrose
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Baroque Art Midterm

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