Flashcards
HF Exam Review 1
Flashcards do conjunto (14)
- 1S/S of HFSym: dyspesia and fatigue
Signs: Edema and rale (crackles) - 2Causes of HF?1. Systolic dysfunction = decrease in vent. contractility
2. Diastolic dysfunction = restriction in vent. filling = relaxation mechanism. - 3MAP = ?CO * TPR
- 4The impt. of Frank-Starling mechanism = ?1. Involves ability of heart to alter the forces of contractility based on the level of preload.
2. involves relationship of the length-tension w/ relationship of myocardial muscle
3. involves cardiac sarcomere length (determined by end diastolic volume; EDV)
4. Use in compensatoty mechanisms - 5Increased Sarcomere length = decreassed space btw myo and actin = ------ cross-bridge/overlapincrease
- 6Increased sarcomere = ------- tension ------- calcium in the cellincrease, increase
- 71. Sympathetic activation will do what to the myocardium? 2. Parasympathetic activation will do what to myocardium?1. Contractile of heart
2. decrease frequency of HR = decrease HR - 8What are the initiating events of HF?MI
HTN
Ischemia
Edema/Vol overload
* These will cause cardiac injury wh/ is the 1st step of HF
**This will result in compensatory mechanisms. - 9What do you look for in presented HF patients? Including the lab?Productive cough
JVD
S3 gallop
Pitting Edema or Peripheral Edema
Weight gain - 10compensatory mechanisms involves:1. Sympathetic stimulation = NoEpi.
2. Cardiac modeling = Cardiac hypertrophy and dilation - 11How does RAAS activation affects Preload, Contractility and Afterload?RAAS will increase contractility by increasing volume overload
- 12How does Cardiac hypertrophy activation affects Preload, Contractility and Afterload?Cardiac hypertrophy activation increased contractility
- 13In Diastolic dysfunction what factors are affected?1. Venous return = RAAS = increased blood volume = increased venous returns.
2. Compliance = stretch during diastole = stiffness as a result of hypertrophy = decreased EDV.
3. Extent and rate of myocardial
relaxation = Ca removal by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA2a) = slowing myocardial relaxation - 14In Systolic dysfunction, as the ability to contract decreases, what happen to end systolic volume, CO, EDV and pressure?1.End systolic volume increase
2. Cardiac Output decrease
3. EDV increase
4. Pressure increase