Flashcards
Behavioural Psychology -- Personality Disorders
Flashcards do conjunto (47)
- 1What is personality?A fixed set of traits
- 2What defines a personality disorder?An inflexible, rigid pattern of of inner experiences and outward behaviour
Interferes with our sense of self - 3How prevalent are personality disorders?9-13% of adults have a personality disorder
- 4DSM-5 states you must be __ years of age, and personality disorders last __18 years old
Last your lifetime - 5Describe the ABC's of psychological functioning and personality disordersA: Affect (range & interchangability)
B: Behaviour (control)
C: Cognition (perceptions & interpretations) - 6Describe the flexibility and rigidity of personality disordersCharacteristics are generally inflexible, and rigid across situations
- 7Briefly outline the three clusters of personality disordersCluster A: Odd, eccentric, schizophrenia type behaviours
Cluster B: Emotional, dramatic, affect driven behaviours
Cluster C: Anxious, fearful, avoidant behaviours - 8What are some assumptions made by the DSM-5 in their categorical diagnosis of Personality Disorders?-Can personality disorders be categorized?
-Are traits present or not? (need to look at personality as a continuum) - 9Describe people with Cluster B disorders-Borderline/narcissistic
-Risk takers, high novelty seeking
- May lead to interpersonal problems
-Seek out demanding activities - 10Describe people with Cluster C disorders-Anxious/ Harm avoidant
-Fear of uncertainty. Withdraw from relationships
-Contrast with A (A is indifferent. C wants relationships, but is afraid of them) - 11What are some limitations in the DSM's assessment of Personality Disorders?-DSM treats disorders as being separate from normal personalities
-Personality should be on a continuum
-Clusters are organized with superficial commonalities
-There is high comorbidity and DSM does not take this into account - 12Describe the relationship between genetics and Personality Disorders-Genes are most responsible for personality disorders.
-Genes may not account for specific disorders, but they do account for temperament. - 13What is Beck's research into the development of Personality DisordersPersonality traits stem from learned behaviours & emotional reactions to stimuli
- Beck's cognitive theory found that pervasive, self-fulfilling, dysfunctional beliefs may underlie personality disorders - 14How are attachment styles related to Personality Disorders?Influence child's temperament.
(Disorganized attachment could be related to cluster A, while fearful = Cluster C) - 15Each personality has these 3 general elements (related to Beck's cognitive theory)Automatic thoughts (dysfunctional beliefs)
Interpersonal strategies (thinking that influences behaviour and emotion)
Attachment style - 16Describe people with Cluster A disorders-Not strongly motivated by relationships
-Avoid taking risks (not afraid, just don't care)
-Generally indifferent to social rewards
-Odd/eccentric
-Aversion to social relationships - 17Name 3 Cluster A disordersParanoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder - 18What are some essential features of paranoid personality disorder?-Persistent and persuasive mistrust and suspicion
-Bias to interpret people's motives as hostile - 19Compare and contrast paranoid personality disorder and paranoid schizophrenia- Paranoid personality is better able to assess whether their suspicions are based on reality
-Sources of perceived threats for a paranoid personality are based on real people (rather than say, radio waves) - 20Characterize schizoid personality disorder-A restricted range of emotion in social interactions
-Few (if any) close relationships and no desire to create any
-Difficulty picking up others emotions - 21What is schizotypal personality disorder?-People with eccentric thoughts, feelings, & behaviours, as well as few social relationships
-9 symptoms organized into three groups (Cognitive-perceptual, Interpersonal, & Disorganized) - 22Give examples out of the 3 different categories of schizotypal symptomsCognitive-perceptual: Ideas of reference, odd beliefs or magical thinking, unusal perceptional differences, suspicious ideation
Intrpersonal: Inappropriate or constricted affect, lack of close relationships, social anxiety (that doesn't lessen with familiarity)
Disorganized: odd thinking and speech, odd appearance or behaviour - 23Are schizophrenia, schizoid and schizotypal disorders related?Yes-- they could all just be sub-disorders
It isn't uncommon for a schizophrenic parent to have a schizotypal child
Could all arise from the same genetic factors - 24What are some cognitive deficits of Cluster AProblems with attention, memory and executive functioning
Suspicions about about motives
Pay attention and misattribute information - 25What are some possible underlying social causes of Cluster A disorders?Physical abuse, neglect
Insecure attachment styles
Discrimination (may be a result rather than a cause) - 26What do Cluster B disorders generally entail?-Impulsive, dramatic, and erratic behaviours which arise because of difficulty regulating emotions
-Patients also tend to have other Axis disorders (substance abuse, depression, anxiety etc.) - 27What are the 4 types of Cluster B disorders?Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline Personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder - 28What is antisocial personality disorder?-Characterized by persistent disregard for the rights of others
-patients violate rules or laws, and may act aggressively, and impulsively
-Lack of guilt or empathy
-Unlike psychopaths, they do have some affect - 29What is oppositional defiant disorder?Kids who argue with authority, are highly irritable and disregard orders.
Vindictive. Blame others for their mistakes - 30What is Conduct disorder?Kids who disregard rules, norms and laws
(before 13 years old)
-Engage in behaviours that lead to arrest. Hurt animals, engage in dangerous sexual activity - 31How are oppositional defiant, conduct and antisocial personality disorders related?An adult must have been diagnosed with conduct disorder as a child, in order to qualify for antisocial personality disorder.
Otherwise they are diagnosed with antipersonal behaviour disorder - 32Do all children diagnosed with Conduct disorder go on to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?No. Most do not.
- 33What are some neurological factors that can explain antisocial personality disorder?-Small frontal lobes and hippocampi
-Larger amounts of white matter in corpus callosum
-Less activity in frontal & temporal lobes
-Abnormal dopamine & serotonin levels - 34What are some psychological and sociological factors in antisocial personality disorder?Problems with classical conditioning, and seeing people as exploitable "marks"
Poverty, family instability, abuse, criminal parents, etc. all may play a role - 35What is Borderline Personality Disorder?Characterized by volitile emotions, unstable self image, impulsive behaviour in relationships
Emotional dysregulation - 36Describe how a personal diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder may act in a relationship-May idealize the person in the beginning
-Spend a great deal of time with the person
-Reveal much, intense intimacy
-Extreme sensitivity to any hint on abandonment
-May feel alone even in a relationship - 37What are some underlying neurological factors in Borderline Personality Disorder?-Small frontal lobes, hippocampus and amygdala
-Dysfunctional anterior cingulate
-Overactive amygdala
-Frontal lobe issues
-Low serotonin
-High cortisol
Typically neurologically suseptable to irregulation of emotion - 38What are some psychological factors in Borderline Personality Disorder?-Dysregulation of emotion, sense of self, cognition and behaviour is key
-Substance abuse and other such behaviours reinforce by providing brief relief - 39What are some social factors that contribute to Borderline Personality DisorderInterpersonal problems are difficult and chaotic due to dysregulation
Once a patient feels dependent, they fear rejection intensely - 40What is Histrionic Personality Disorder?Excessive emotional attention seeking.
-Overtly sexual/provocative
-Rapidly shifting shallow emotions
-Impressionistic, shallow speech
-Easily suggestible
-often believe relationships are more sexual than they are - 41What are some factors that are though to contribute to Histrionic Personality Disorder?-Patients believe themselves to be special
-believe everyone is an admirer
-Sensitivity to negative evaluation
-sense of entitlement
-May have received too much or too little attention during childhood - 42What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder?Marked by a sense of grandiosity, inflated sense of self importance, expectation of praise and admiration
-Overvalue of self, undervalue of others
Fragile self esteem - 43Describe Cluster C of personality disorders? What are the 3 disorders in this Cluster?-All share a sense of anxiety or fear.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder - 44What is Avoidant Personality Disorder?A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy & hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
- 45What is Dependent Personality Disorder?-An excessive need to taken care of. Leads to submissive behaviour, and inability to take care of one's self. Unrealistic fear of being left alone
- 46What is Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder?Exactly what it sounds like...
- 47What are the neuro/psycho/social factors that may underlie Cluster C disorders?-Thought to involve amygdala
-Fear and anxiety underlie all these
-Temperament may contribute
-Avoident or anxious attachment styles
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- FlashCards sobre Behavioural Psychology -- Personality Disorders, criado por Allandra Barton em 15-04-2015.
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- Allandra Barton
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