Flashcards
introduction + managing a project
Flashcards do conjunto (65)
- 1How many Process Groups are there?5
- 2How many Knowledge Areas are there?10
- 3What are the characteristics of a project?- scope = unique (repetitive elements may be present)
- time = temporary (beginning and end date)
cost = budget - 4When is a project completed?A project is completed when the project goals are achieved
- 5When is a project successful?A project is successful when the project meets or excees the expectations of the stakeholders
- 6What is CAPM?CAPM = Certified Associate Projet Manager
- 7What is PMP?PMP=Project Manager Professional
- 8What is PMBOK Guide?PMBOK=Project Management Body of Knowledge
- 9What is PMI?PMI+Project Management Institute
- 10What is a methodology?A methodology is a system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.
- 11What is a standard?A standard is a document established by an authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example. A standard identifies the processes that are considered good practices on most projects, most of the time.
- 12How many Processes are there?49 processes
- 13Which interpersonal skill is displayed by developing a vision and strategy, and inspires people to achieve that vision and strategy?leadership is displayed by developing a vision and strategy and inspiring people to achieve that vision and strategy
- 14What is the difference between projects and operations?Projects are temporary in nature, while operations are ongoing
- 15What work is qualified as Operations?Operations involve work that is continuous without an ending date and often repeat the same process
- 16What are the elements of the PM Triangle?Time, Cost and Scope + Quality in the middle
- 17What are the project's acceptance criteria? (from the PM Triangle)Quality + Scope
- 18What is a project?A project can create:
- a product (component or end item)
- a service
- an improvement of an existing product or service
- a result (outcome or document, fi research project) - 19What are the foundational elements of a project?1. unique product, service or result
2. temporary endeavor
3. projects drive change (from one state to another)
4. projects enable business value creation
5. project initiation context - 20Why are projects undertaken?Projects are undertaken to fulfill objectives by producing deliverables
- 21What is a project objective?An objective is an outcome toward which work is to be directed, a strategic position to be attained, a purpose to be achieved, a result to be obtained, a product to be produced, or a service to be performed
- 22What is a project deliverable?A project deliverable is any unique and verifiable product, result or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase or project. Tangible or intangible
- 23Which deliverables may fulfillment of project objectives produce?Fulfillment of project objectives may produce one or more of the following deliverables:
- a unique product or component of, enhancement or correction
- a unique service or capability to perform a service
- a unique result, outcome or document
- a unique combination of one or more products, services or results - 24When is the end of a project reached?The end of a project is reached when one or more of following is true:
- project's objectives have been achieved
- objectives will or cannot be met
- funding is exhausted or no longer available
- need for the project no longer exists
- human or physical resources are no longer available
- project is terminated for legal cause or convenience - 25May project deliverables exist beyond the end of the project?Yes, projects are temporary but their deliverables may exist beyond the end of the project. (fi building of a monument)
- 26What is the business value?The business value is the net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor
- can be tangible (fi monetary assets, tools, market share)
- can be intangible (fi goodwill, reputation, brand recognition)
- or both - 27What are the four fundamental categories as factors of the project initiation context?The four fundamental categories as factors of project initiation context are:
- meet regulatory, legal or social requirements
- satisfy stakeholder requests or needs
- implement or change business or techn. strategies
- create, improve or fix products, processes or services - 28What is the difference between a goal and an objective?A goal is too general, an objective is derived from a goal and has the same intention but is more specific, quantifiable and verifiable than the goal. Goals tend to be more vague and focus on the long-term.
- 29How should the objectives of a project be?The objectives of a project should be SMART: specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, time-bound
- 30With what mus every project objective start with?Every project objective must start with the word "To..."
- 31What is Project Management?Project Mgt is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
- 32How is project management accomplished?Project mgt is accomplished through the appropriate application and integration of the 49 logically grouped project mgt processes, which are categorized into 5 process groups.
- 33What are the Process Groups?Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring & Controlling and Closing
- 34What is the purpose of a project?The purpose of a project is to meet the stakeholder needs and expectations
- 35What does managing a project include?Managing a project includes
- identifying requirements
- addressing the various needs, concerns and expectations of the stakeholders as the project is planned and carried out
- balancing the competing project constraint including, but not limited to: scope, quality, schedule, budget, resources and risk. - 36What are the competing product constraints?The competing product constraints include, but are not limited to:
scope, quality, schedule, budget, resources and risk.
The relationship among these factors is such that if any one factor changes, at least one other factor is likely to be affected. - 37What are the project drivers?The competing product constraints or project drivers include, but are not limited to:
scope, quality, schedule, budget, resources and risk.
The relationship among these factors is such that if any one factor changes, at least one other factor is likely to be affected. - 38What is one of the biggest jobs of a project manager?One of the biggest jobs of a project manager is to balance the triple constraints while meeting or exceeding the expectations of your stakeholders
- 39What are the skills of a project manager?The skills of a project manager are: (BOCPLANT)
- budgetting skills (knowledge finance/accounting)
- organizational skills (planning, project doc, project records, and track and locate them)
- communication skills (written and oral comm)
- problem solving (define problem + analyse solutions and implement decision)
- leadership (vision, direction, gain consensus)
- assertiveness
- negotiation and influencing (ability to change minds)
- teambuilding (phases: forming-storming-norming and performing) - 40What is the difference between managers and leaders?Managers are result-oriented (focus on targets);
Leaders establish direction - 41What are the phases of teambuilding?The phases of teambuilding are
-forming (divide resp)
-storming (resistance)
-norming
-performing (working, training) - 42What are the competencies/characteristics that a project mgr needs to possess, in addition to area-specific skills and general mgt proficiencies?Competencies/characteristics that a project mgr needs to possess in addition to area-specific skills and general mgt proficencies:
- knowledge about project mgt, business environment, technical aspects, other info
- skills to lead the project team, coordinate work, collaborate with stakeholders, solve problems and make decisions
- abilities to develop and manage scope, schedules, budgets, resources, risks, plans, presentations and reports
- other, like personality, attitude, ethics, leadership - 43When is the project mgr successful?The project mgr is successful when the project objectives have been achieved + stakeholder satisfaction
- 44Who are the project stakeholders?Stakeholders are persons or organizations who are actively involved in the project or whose interests may be pos. or neg. affected by the performance or completion of the project
- 45What are positive and negative stakeholders?Positive stakeholders would normally benefit from a successful outcome from the project.
Negative stakeholders would be better served by impeding the project's progress by demanding more extensive environmental reviews. (fi environmental groups) - 46Which types of stakeholders exist?Types of stakeholders:
- customers/users (internal/external)
- sponsor (provides resources & support, is accountable for project, spokesman to higher mgt, promotes benefits..)
- seller/business partners (vendors, suppliers)
- portfolio mgrs/portfolio review board (cttee of executives who act as project selection panel)
- program mgrs (manage related projects in a coordinated way, interacts with each project mgr)
- PMO (project mgt office) is a mgt structure that standardizes project-related governance processes & facilitates sharing of resources, methodologies, tools & techniques
- project mgrs
- project team
- functional mgrs
- organizational groups
- operations mgt - 47Which are the types of PMO organizations in degree of control and influence?Types of PMO organizations in degree of control and influence:
- supportive: consultative role by supplying templates, best practices, access to info and lessons learned (degree of control: low)
- controlling: provide support & require compliance (adopting project mgr frameworks or methodologies, using specific templates) - (degree of control: moderate)
- directive: take control of projects by directly managing the projects (degree of control: high) - 48Of whom is the project team comprised of?The project team is comprised of the project mgr, project mgt team and other team members
- 49Who are functional mgrs ?Functional mgrs are key individuals who play a mgt role within admin or functional area of the business, such as hr, finance, procurement
- 50Who are organizational groups?Organizational groups are internal stakeholders affected by activities of project team: marketing, hr, legal, finance..
- 51How can you determine the type of organization you work?The key to determining the type of organization you work is by measuring how much authority senior mgt is willing to delegate to project mgrs
- 52Which structure types of organizations exist?All organizations are structured in one of three ways: functional, projectized or matrix
- 53Explain a functional organizationFunctional organizations are centered on specialties and grouped by function (hr dept, finance dept). The work in these depts is specialised. You cannot use people from other depts; depts works independantly. There is a clear chain of command. Departments are silos.
- 54What type of projects are common in a functional organization?In a functional organization, projects are mostly small with less manhours. You need your resources for other projects/tasks, you cannot use people from other departments
- 55What are projectised organizations?Projectised organizations are focused on the project itself. Project mgrs have almost ultimate authority and report directly to CEO. Supporting depts report directly to project mgr as well. Team members are co-located.
- 56What is co-location?Co-location is an organizational placement strategy where the projet team members are physically located close to one another in order to improve comm, working relationship and productivity (= war-room)
- 57What is a disadvantage of a projectized organization?A disadvantage of a projectized organization is : project team members may find themselves out of work at the end of a project
- 58What is a matrix organization?A matrix organization combines the best of functional and projectized organization. Report to one functional mgr and at least one project mgr.
3 types:
- strong matrix (balance of power: project mgr), alikes projectized org.
- weak matrix (project mgrs are project coordinators with part-time resp., little to no authority) alikes functional org.
- balanced matrix (power is balanced between functional mgr and project mgr), CEO decides on projects - 59What is a project life cycle?A project life cycle is the series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion. The phases may be sequential, iterative or overlapping.
The project life cycle provides the basic framework for managing the project. - 60How are the project life cycle names and numbers determined?The project life cycle names and numbers are determined by the mgt and control needs of the org.
- 61What is a development life cycle?A development life cycle is one or more phases of a project life cycle that are associated with the development of the product, service or result.
They can be predictive, iterative, incremental, adaptive or a hybrid model. - 62What is a product life cycle (vs project life cycle)?The product life-cycle consists of general sequential, non-overlapping product phases determined by the manufacturing and control need of the organization.
Project life cycles are independent of product life cycles.
A product life cycle is the series of phases that represent the evolution of a project, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity and to retirement.
A product life cycle consists of a project life-cycle and an operation life-cycle. - 63What are project phases?Project phases are divisions within a project where extra control is needed to effectively manage the completion of a major deliverable.
- 64How is the natural point of end of a project phase named?When project phases are sequential, the close of a phase ends with some form of transfer or handoff of the work produced as the phase deliverable.
This natural point of end of a project phase can be named:
phase exits, milestones, phase gates, decision gates, stage gates or kill point. - 65Which types of development life cycles are there?Types of development life cycles:
- predictive life cycle = waterfall life cycle (S, T and C are determined in early phases)
- iterative life cycle (S is determined in early life cycle, T and C estimates are routinely modified as project team's understanding of product increases
- incremental life cycle series of iterations that add functionality)
- adaptive life cycle (agile, iterative or incremental) = agile or change-driven life cycles
- hybrid life cycle= combination of predictive and adaptive life cycle (well-known/fixed requirements follow predictive development life and evolving elements follow adaptive life cycle)
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- FlashCards sobre introduction + managing a project, criado por Nancy T em 19-09-2020.
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- Nancy T
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