Flashcards
Pharmacology VII (100 Flash Cards)
Flashcards do conjunto (100)
- 1Aplastic anemia is a toxic effect that occurs after a course of tx with which antibiotic?chloramphenicol
- 2side effect of prolonged tetracycline hydrochloride therapy??suprainfection
photosensitivity
discoloration of new teeth
GI symptoms
***NOT vestibular disturbances --> this is streptomycin - 3colitis that results following clindamycin therapy is caused by an overgrowth of a. C. difficile b. staph aureus c. pseudomonas d. candida albicansc. diff
duh - 4which antibiotic is appropriate for premed in penicillin allergic patient?clindamycin
***erythromycin can also be an answer - 5Acycolvir used to treat what?Herpes simplex
- 6Advantage that tetracyclines have over penicillins is that they...have a wider range of antibacterial activity --BROAD SPECTRUM
- 7Which of the following has the broadest antimicrobial spectrum? a. vancomycin b. clindamycin c. erythromycin d. chlorotetracycline e. a third gen cephlosporinchlorotetracycline
- 8Sulfanomides & Trimethoprim are synergistic bacteriostatic agents bc they both...interfere sequentially with folic acid production
- 9Most effective against fungal infections of the mucous membrane?Nystatin
- 10most desirable property of antibiotic when used to treat odontogenic infection is?ability to achieve and maintain adequate concentrations at the site of infection
- 11Which drug chelates with calcium?Tetracycline
- 12Which is NOT a characteristic of tetracycline?NOT effective substitute for penicillin pre-med against infective endocarditis
- 13Concurrent admin of PenG and probenecid results in?decreased renal excretion of PenG
***probenicid always has something to do w/renal excretion - 14interaction between penicillin and probenicid is best described by?alteration in rate of renal clearance
- 15when broad spec antibiotics are administered with COUMARIN anticoagulants, the coumarin action may be...INCREASED bc of reduction in vitK sources
- 16therapeutic effectiveness of which drug will be most affected by ingestion of antacids?tetracycline
- 17erythromycin should be avoided in the patient taking a. aspirin b. seldane c. benadryl d. ibuprofen e. propranololSELDANE
***potentially lethal interaction. seldane will stay unmetabolized and cause cardiac arrthymias
***decreases the metabolism of digoxin as well - 18Quinidine is primarily used to treat...supraventricular tachyarrhthmias
- 19Quinidine is used to treat...atrial fibrillation
***same as other question but just gave you a different type of arrythmia - 20Verapamil is most effecacious in tx of ...atrial fibrillation
- 21Most useful drug in treatment of prevention of angina pectoris?Propranolol
- 22each of the following drugs can be used in prevention of tx of angina pectoris EXCEPT... a. digitalis b. propanolol c. nitroglycerin d. isosorbidide dinitratea. digitalis
- 23all of the following drugs are useful in the tx of hypertension EXCEPT a. ephedrine b. reserpine c. methyldopa d. thiazide diureticsa. ephedrine
- 24DIGITALIS is useful in tx of which condition? a. AFib b. congestive heart failure c. paroxysmal atrial tachycardia d. all of the aboveALL THE ABOVE
- 25all of the following drugs are useful in tx of cardiac arrythmias EXCEPT a. digitalis b. lidocaine c. phenytoin d. procainamide e. aminophyllinee. aminophylline
- 26drug of choice for initial therapy of MILD hypertension?chlorothiazide
- 27which antihypertensive reserved for SEVERE hypertension?Guanethidine and ganglion blocking agents
- 28which B-adrenergic receptor blocking agents is thought to be cardioselective?metoprolol
- 29antiarrthymic drugs, like quinodine, suppress certain cardiac arrhythmias by ...increasing REFRACTORY PERIOD of cardiac muscle
- 30most important pharmocological action of drugs that suppress cardiac arrhythimias is ...increased refractory period of cardiac muscle
- 31lidocaine produces its antiarrythmic effects by a. increasing AV conduction b. decreasing cardiac excitability c. increasing cardiac conduction velocity d increasing spontaneous pacemaker activityb. decreasing cardiac excitability
***arythimias are defined by abnormality in rhythm of heart due to disease or injury to impulse systems - 32When digitalis is used in AFib, the therapeutic objective is to ...DECREASE rate of A-V conduction
- 33Nitroglycerine dilates the coronary arteries in angina pectoris by ...direct action on smooth muscle in vessel walls
- 34Propanolol is value in treating angina pectoris bc it...prevents chronotropic responses to endogenous epinephrine, emotions, and exercise
- 35Primary antihypertensive effect of captopril is due to accumulation of what?Angiotensin I
*** angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor
***captopril blocks angiotension conversion
***captopril also lowers BP by increasing BRADYKININ (vasodilator) - 36Which of the folllowing is NOT characteristic of thiazide diuretics?cause HYPOGLYCEMIA this is NOT a characteristic
***thiazides cause hyperglycemia and hypokalemia
***decrease renal absorption of Na+ - 37Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting renal reabsorption of Na+?chlorothiazide
- 38digoxin exerts its positive inotropic effect by a. activation of adenylcyclase b. inhibition of phosphodiesterase c. an agonist effect of beta-receptors d. inhibition of Na, K ATPase leading to increased calcium influx e. decreasing the amount of calcium made available for excitation-contraction couplingD. inhibits Na/K ATPase leading to increased calcium influx
- 39digitoxin is effective in tx of cardiac failure because ithas a positive cardiac inotropic action
***congestive heart failure
***shuts off Na/K pump leading to increased ca2+ - 40primary action of therapeutic dose of digitalis on cardiac muscle is an increase in what?FORCE OF CONTRACTION
***decrease AV signaling but also increased force of contraction - 41the cardiac glycosides will increase the concentration of which ion in an active heart muscle?Calcium
***inhibits Na/K ATPase which causes increase calcium - 42Which of the follow ions augments the concentration of which ion in active heart muscle?Calcium
- 43The tx of congestive heart failure, digitalis glycosides generally decrease all of the following except? a. edema b. urine flow c. heart size d. heart rate e. residual diastolic volumeb. urine flow
***this is thiazide diuretics - 44The mechanism of action of prazosin, an antihypertensive agent is to...inhibit postsynaptic action of norepi on vasular smooth muscle
***selective alpha blocker - 45which of the following owes a significant amt of its antihypertensive effect to a CENTRAL ACTION?methlydopa
***methyldopa and clonidine = central CNS control of blood pressure - 46Which drugs is thought to reduce arterial blood pressure by activating alpha receptors in the vasomotor center of medulla?Clonidine
**CNS acting
**also methyldopa does this - 47Propanolol can be used in tx of hypertension because it blocks what?release of renin and reflex tachycardia
***blocking renin release is the other mechanism of beta blockers besides blocking heart directly - 48one of the proposed mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of beta adrenergic receptor blocking agents is?antirenin effect
- 49Selective beta 1 AGONISTS will produce what effects?INCR cardiac output
- 50ototoxicity with deafness may be encountered occasionally in patients taking which of the following diuretic agents? a. osmotic b. thiazide c. mercurial d. high-cielingHIGH CIELING
***ex Furosomide
***loop or high cieling diuretic - 51symptoms of digitalis toxicity include all of the following EXCEPT a. extrasystoles b. nausea and vomiting c. yellow-green vision d. A-V conduction block e. decreased P-R intervaldecreased P-R interval
- 52admin of which of the following drugs increases the likelihood of toxic response to digitalis?chlorothiazide
***this is a diuretic which causes potassium loss or hypokalemia this results in greater penetration of digitalis into the myocardium - 53therapeutic effect of salicylates?inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins
- 54mechanism of the antipyretic action of salicyclates results from?inhibit PG synthesis in CNS affecting hypothalamic temperature regulation
- 55antipyretic action of salicyclates is explained in part by?cutaneous vasodilation leading to increased heat loss
- 56the locus of action of aspirin's central antipyretic effect is the a. brain stem b. hypothalamus c. basal ganglia d. limbic system e. cerebram cortexhypothalamus
- 57patient who has been taking large quantities of aspirin might show increased post op bleeding because aspirin inhibits what?synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation
- 58anti-inflammatory agents like aspirin interefere with hemostasis byinhibit platelet aggregation
- 59which of the following anti-inflammatory agents does NOT act primarily by inhibiting activity of prostaglandin synthetase?Triamcinolone (corticosteroid)
***corticosteroids inhibit phospholipase A2 - 60a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agent that appears to produce fewer GI disturbance than high doses of aspirin?ibuprofen
- 61prolonged use of which of the following drugs does NOT cause a predisposition to gastric irritation and bleeding? a. phenytoin b. ibuprofen c. idomethacin d. phenylbutazone e. acetylsalicylic acidPhenytoin
- 62each of the following agents has been associated with GI irritation except? a. aspirin b. alcohol c. ibuprofen d. indomethacin e. acetaminophenacetaminophen
- 63which is not produced by excessive doses of acetylsalicylic acid? a. delirium b. tinnitus c. hypothermia d. hyperventilation e. metabolic acidosisc. hypothermia
--it only lowers your temp if you have a fever
otherwise aspirin has zero effect on body temp - 64all of the following are pharmacologic and toxicologic properties of aspirin except? a. tinnitus b. analgesia c. salicyclism d. antipyresis e. suppression of immune responsesuppression of immune response
- 65T/F: acetylsalicyclic acid causes methemoglobinemiafalse
**tinnitus, analgesia, antipyresis, and anti PG synthesis - 66aspirin does not cause what?suppression of cough reflex
***does cause occult bleeding, neausea/vomit, acid base disturbance, decreased tubular reabsorption of uric acid - 67which is not true of acetaminophen?cross allergenic with aspirin
***DOES have analgesic and antipyretic affects, may induce methemoflobinemia at high doses, active form acetophenetidin
***its NOT a salicyclate - 68most prominent acute toxic effect associated with acetaminophen ishepatic necrosis
- 69which antiinflammatory agents does not act by inhibiting activity of cyclooxygenase?prednisone (steroid)
- 70which drug to use to lower fever in child under 12?acetaminophen
- 71which analgesic has the longest half life?diflunisal
**only take 2x per day instead of 3-4x - 72least likely characteristic of narcotic ingestion?diarrhea
**these cause constipation not diarrhea - 73morphine administered IM may produce what symptoms?constipation, euphoria, dysphoria, mental clouding, decreased pain response
- 74which drug acts to suppress cough reflex?codeine
- 75morphine binds to which site to produce analgesia?Mu receptors in the CNS
- 76morphine causes vomiting by...stimulation of medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone
- 77the decrease in ventilation cause by morphine, meperidine, and other opioids depends onloss of sensitivity of the medullary respiratory center to carbon dioxide
- 78Pathognomonic symptoms of narcotic overdose?miosis, coma and depressed respiration
***pinpoint pupils -hallmark effect - 79barbituates and morphine depresses respiration primarly by...rendering the respiratory center in the brain stem less sensitive to CO2 changes
- 80cause of death with opioid intoxication ?respiratory depression
- 81opioid that has both agnostic and antagonistic activities?pentazocine
- 82A heroin-dependent patient should NOT be given nalbuphine (Nubain) for pain because a. It has no analgesic properties b. It may produce respiratory depression c. As a mixed agonist-antagonist, it can elicit withdrawal symptoms d. The high abuse potential of nalbuphine may add to the patient's problemsc. mixed agonist/antagonist
- 83patient sober from narcotics for 6 months, which analgesic should be avoided?pentazcine
- 84antagonist of choice for opioid overdose?naloxone
- 85methadone used for detox of patients dependent on morphine because?has less intense and stressful withdrawal symptoms than morphine
- 86widely used in tx of opioid dependent people?methadone
- 87meperedine (demerol) isan opioid analgesic
- 88atropine and propantheline exert effects on peripheral structures bycompeting with AcH for receptor sites
- 89Neostigimine produces its effect byinhibit AcH esterase activity
- 90Organophosphates insecticides and nerve gases inhibit action of which enzymes?acetylcholinesterase
- 91drugs which are additive or potentiate effects of AcH includemethacholine, neostigimine, and pilocarpine
- 92which drugs is best to administer after poisoning by an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor?pralidoxime
- 93antagonizing cholinesterase?neostigmine
***enhances and prolongs effect of AcH
***stimulate denervated skeletal muscle bc it acts directly on end plate - 94prevent laryngospasm?succinylcholine
**skeletal muscle relaxant - 95to treat xerostomia?use neostigmine
***stimulates cholinergenic response - 96which would create dry secretions in oral cavity?propantheline
***also atropine and scopolamine - 97most useful type of drug to induce saliva?cholinergenic
- 98control excess saliva?atropine and methaneline
- 99admin of ganglionic blocking agents will result in?orthostatic hypotension
- 100tachycardia in a patient administered with atropine or scopolamine results from a. release of adrenal catecholamines b. blockade of vagus nerve activity c. blockade of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor d. stimulation of the alpha adrenergic receptor e. stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptorb. block of vagus nerve activity
Informações
- Descrição
- Praxis Flashcards: Pharmacology FlashCards sobre Pharmacology VII (100 Flash Cards), criado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE em 14-07-2021.
- Criado por
- ACAPUN INSTITUTE
- Visualizações
- 418
- Avaliação