Flashcards
Dental public health III (100 Flash cards)
Flashcards do conjunto (100)
- 1-CATALYST-provokes or speeds up change; knows what needs to happen and motivate others to transform theri opinions -SOLUTION GIVER-problem solver; maintain group rapport -RESOURCE LINKER-facilitator; link people with different professions -PROCESS HELPER-provides help where is is needed -ADVOCATE-educate, promote, lobby -CHANGE AGENT- causes changeroles and responsibilities of DH
- 2TN Board of Dentistry7 DDS
2DH
1 DA
1 citizen - 3habitbehavior that becomes automatic
- 4behavior changechange in behavior
- 5valuesideas and beliefs that influence a person's behavior
- 6target populationClearly identified segment of the population
- 7Basic Screening Survey (BSS)A simple screening survey model for collecting oral health data to assess need and referral for dental care; developed by the ASTDD.
- 8Bar graphA simple bar graph, in which bars do not touch, used to display frequencies of nominal or ordinal data or the value of different but comparable items (categorical data).
- 9CalibrationA process used to determine, check, rectify, or adjust a measurement device to increase the accuracy and precision of the measurements. Calibration is applied also to examiners or raters who are involved in data collection to achieve agreement with set criteria and a standard of performance.
- 10Clinical trialAn experimental study that tests the safety, efficacy, and/or effectiveness of 315procedures, therapies, drugs, or other interventions to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat disease in humans.
- 11CoalitionA cooperative, collaborative effort on the part of many diverse individuals and organizations that reflects a public-private partnership to build systems and develop programs that improve community health.
- 12Community Periodontal Index (CPI)An index to assess periodontal status of a population; includes measurements of gingival inflammation, bleeding, calculus, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal pockets.
- 13DataFacts or pieces of information used to calculate, analyze, or plan in the course of community program planning or research.
- 14DefluoridationWater treatment that reduces the level of fluoride in the community water when it is too high, to make it safe for human consumption.
- 15Dental indexAn abbreviated scale with definite upper and lower limits to measure the amount or severity of an oral disease or related condition in a population; both dental indexes and dental indices are used as the plural form.
- 16Dean's Fluorosis IndexThe conventional system used to assess for dental fluorosis, developed by Dr. Dean and consisting of categories of fluorosis; is the basis for other fluorosis indexes.
- 17Direct accessThe dental hygienist's right to initiate treatment based on his or her assessment of a patient's needs without the specific authorization of a dentist, to treat the patient without the presence of a dentist, and to maintain a provider-patient relationship.
- 18Direct supervisionThe level of supervision that requires that the dentist be present, examine the patient to authorize the work to be performed, and check it after.
- 19Early childhood caries (ECC) classificationClassification system for categorizing the severity of dental caries in children aged 71 months and younger (infants through age 5 years).
- 20Early Head StartHead Start program that serves children from birth to age 3 years.
- 21EpidemiologyThe study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations and its application to the prevention and control of health problems.
- 22General supervisionSupervision of the dental hygienist in which the dentist does not have to be on the premises, but the patient must be one of record or seen by the dentist previously.
- 23Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)A simple, easy-to-implement dental index used to determine the extent of interdental inflammation based on bleeding that occurs in response to passing unwaxed dental floss on each side of the papilla.
- 24Gingival Index (GI)/Modified Gingival Index (MGI)The GI is a core dental index to measure the severity of gingival inflammation based on clinical observation, pressing the probe on the gingiva to determine degree of firmness, and "walking" the probe inside the gingival sulcus; modified as the MGI by eliminating the probing.
- 25Head StartA school-readiness program administered by the ACF that is designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing a comprehensive early learning program for preschool aged children of low-income families; oral health is addressed by Head Start.
- 26Healthy People 2020A dynamic national compilation of measurable 10-year health goals and objectives for prevention of disease and promotion of health that identify current nationwide health improvement priorities and are applicable at the national, state, and local levels.
- 27IncidenceThe rate of new cases of a disease or health condition in a population at risk during a designated period.
- 28Leading Health Indicators (LHI)A smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate the highest priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them.
- 29MedicaidA joint state-federal financed program that is administered by the states to provide comprehensive medical coverage for individuals within certain income limits; includes oral healthcare coverage for children of low-income families and limited dental coverage for adults in some states.
- 30MedicareA federal health insurance program that provides comprehensive health care for adults ages 65 and older; is not a source of financing of oral health care unless it is medically necessary.
- 31National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)A program of survey research studies that uniquely combines interviews and physical examinations to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children, including oral diseases and conditions.
- 32Observational researchA classification of research studies that involves systematic observation of study participants' behaviors, actions, or other exposures to disease-related factors without influencing or interfering with the variables; no variable is manipulated.
- 33Oral health educatorA role in which the dental hygienist works to prevent disease and to promote oral health through the process of teaching them about oral health.
- 34Oral health indicatorsQuantifiable characteristics of a population used by researchers to describe the oral health of a population; they generally line up with Healthy People 2020 objectives and are tracked by the National Oral Health Surveillance System.
- 35Peer reviewProcess used by scientific journals to validate research and evaluate submitted manuscripts; consists of review by a group of experts in the same field.
- 36Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)A classic, composite periodontal index that is no longer recommended for use because of the current understanding that gingivitis and periodontitis are two different disease entities.
- 37Pilot study/pilot testingPerformance of a preliminary research study or trial run of a community program in preparation for a major study or large-scale community program.
- 38Primary preventionServices that are designed to prevent a disease before it occurs; includes health education, avoidance of disease, and health protection.
- 39Qualitative dataInformation that reflects the quality or nature of things that cannot be measured or analyzed numerically and must be expressed in words, such as interview responses.
- 40Public healthThe science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency within a population through organized community efforts; concerned with protecting the health of entire populations, not just individuals.
- 41Qualitative researchBroad category of research that answers questions of why and how; focuses on exploring issues, understanding phenomena, and answering questions by analyzing qualitative data.
- 42Quantitative dataInformation that is objective and measurable; can be measured and expressed as a quantity or amount (numbers).
- 43Quantitative researchBroad category of research that involves the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through mathematical, computational, or statistical techniques.
- 44ReferralAn essential component of assessment and screening and an ethical obligation when a need for dental care is observed; without further observation and referral for care, screening is ineffective.
- 45ReliabilityThe extent to which a measurement gives consistent results; an essential component of validity.
- 46ResearcherA role in which the dental hygienist uses scientific methods to acquire knowledge on topics relevant to serving the needs of the public's oral health.
- 47Root Caries Index (RCI)Dental index to measure cavitated root caries lesions using an epidemiologic examination.
- 48SampleA portion or subset of the entire population.
- 49School-based oral health programAn oral health program that offers services at the school, via school clinics with stationary equipment, in a room in the school building using portable equipment, or in a mobile van parked at the school; may provide one or a combination of the following: screening, sealants, fluoride treatment, oral health education, other primary preventive services, clinical and radiographic examination, restorative services, and extractions.
- 50Scope of practiceThe procedures that an oral health professional is permitted to practice according to the state statute
- 51Secondary preventionServices that are designed to slow the progression of a disease or its sequelae at any point after its inception; includes detection and treatment of disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress.
- 52SMART + C objectivesAcronym for criteria that are used as a guide for setting program objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timed, and Challenging.
- 53Socioeconomic statusThe social standing or status of a person or group in a community or society on a social-economic scale, measured by factors such as education, type of occupation, income, wealth, and place of residence.
- 54State oral health program (SOHP)A state-level dental public health program under the organizational structure of the state health department; also referred to as state dental public health program.
- 55StatisticA numeric characteristic of a sample.
- 56Statistical significanceA value that expresses the probability that the results of data analysis from a given research study could be occurring purely because of chance.
- 575 ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional ConductAutonomy,
Non Maleficence,
Beneficence
Justice
Veracity - 586 Stages of Changeprecontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination - 594 aspects motivational interviewingOARS
Open qns
Affirmation
Reflective listening
Summarizing - 603. Types of Prevention of oral diseasesPrimary- community level
Secondary- restoration
Tertiary- Prosthodontics - 61fluoride toxicity RULE of 5sToxic dose is 5mg/kg
Lethal does is 5g for adult - 62HEPATITIS types and causeA- feco -oral
B- contaminated food
C- contaminated food
D- direct contact, prior inf with HBV
E- feco-oral
MNEMONIC- Contaminated Blood- fEcAl-oral - 633 types behavioral learningclassical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning - 644 FDA drug approval phases1- 20-100 volunteers, SAFETY and DOSING
2- several hundred, EFFICACY and SIDE EFFECTS
3- hundred to thousands, EFFICACY and ADVERSE REACTIONS
4- thousands, LONG TERM OUTCOMES and LONG TERM SIDE EFFECTS - 65BupivacaineHIGHEST pkA
Longest duration of action - 66Warfarininterferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II,VII,IX,X)
Inhibits formation of PROTHROMBIN - 67Benzodiazepineseffect on GABA receptors (receptor in CNS that allows Cl- transfer)- SEDATIVE effects
- 68LeukotrienesChemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions.
- 69Epipen JR and Epipen ADULT dosesJR- 0.15mg of epinephrine
Adult- 0.3 mg of epinephrine
Emergency- 1mg/ml - 70Pica definitionEating not food items for over a month
- 715 domains of pediatric management- Physical
- Pharmacological
- Reward oriented
- Aversive
- Linguistic - 72Dental effects on BULIMIA pt- Erosion on lingual aspects of MAXILLARY INCISORS (due to vomiting)
- Enlargement of the PAROTID GLAND - 73Treatment for Bulimia effectsAfter purging episode, rinse with BAKING SODA WATER (neutralize the stomach acids)
- 74INR valuesNormal- 1
Therapeutic- 2-3
Mechanical Heart Valve- 3.5 - 753 aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder- Autism
- Aspergers
- Pervasive Devt Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) - 76ASA Physical Status Classification1. Healthy person.
2. Mild systemic disease.
3. Severe systemic disease.
4. Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
5. A moribund person who is not expected to survive without the operation.
6. A declared brain-dead person whose organs are being removed for donor purposes. - 77ASA classification of BP1- <140, <90
2- 140-159, 90-94
3- 160-199, 95-114
4- 200+, 115+ - 785 Health Programs in the USAMEDICAID- poor (Federal+state)
MEDICARE- Elderly (Federal)
SOCIAL SECURITY- age>65 years (govt benefits)
TRICARE- uniformed service members/retired and families
CHIP- children <18 years - 793 core functions of public health1. Assessment
2. Policy Development
3. Assurance - 80Incidence definition. Measured by?number of new cases
COHORT STUDY - 81Prevalence definition. Measured by?The number of existing cases
CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY - 82Morbidityillness
- 83epidemicA widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
- 84mortalitydeath
- 854 steps in Vicious cycle of dental anxiety (4)- Fear, Anxiety
- Avoidance of dental care
- Deterioration of dentition
- Feelings of guilt, shame and inferiority - 86cross-sectional studya study in which people of different ages are compared with one another( ONE TIME)
- PREVALENCE - 87longitudinal studyresearch in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
- 882 types of longitudinal studiesCase control (odds ratio)
Cohort- INCIDENCE. Prospective vs Retrospective - 89ReliabilityPrecision
- 90Validityaccuracy
- 91SensitivityDisease
- 92SpecificityHealth
- 93If p < 0.05 then?Reject the null hypothesis. SIGNIFICANT
- 94If p > 0.05 then?Accept the null hypothesis, NOT SIGNIFICANT
- 95Chi squared testAssociation between 2 categorical values
QUALITATIVE - 963 types QUANTITATIVE tests- T-test- small sample size (difference between 2 MEANS)
- Z-test- large sample size (difference between 2 MEANS)
- ANOVA (analysis of variance)- difference between 2 OR MORE MEANS - 97Type 1 errorfalse positive
- 98Type 2 errorfalse negative
- 99LOWEST to HIGHEST biasSystematic Reviews
Randomized Control Trials
Cohort
Case control
Cross sectional
Case reports
Mechanical studies
Expert opinions - 1003 rules of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)- Privacy Rule
- Security Rule
- Data breach notification Rule
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- Descrição
- Praxis Flashcards: Dental public health FlashCards sobre Dental public health III (100 Flash cards), criado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE em 04-08-2021.
- Criado por
- ACAPUN INSTITUTE
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