Flashcards
ESTA: Chapter 1
Flashcards do conjunto (29)
- 1Descriptive StatisticsProcedures and techniques designed to
describe data - 2Inferential StatisticsTools and techniques that help decision
makers to draw inferences from a set of data - 3EstimationEstimate the population
mean weight using the sample mean weight - 4Hypothesis TestingUse sample evidence to test the claim that the population mean weight is 120 pounds
- 5ExperimentA process that produces a single outcome whose result cannot be predicted with certainty.
- 6Experimental DesignA plan for performing an experiment in which
the variable of interest is defined. - 7Closed-End Questions (Telephone Survey)Questions that require the respondent to select from a short list of defined choices
- 8Demographic Questions (Telephone Survey)Questions relating to the respondents’ characteristics, backgrounds, and attributes
- 9Open-End Questions (Written Questionnaires)Questions that allow respondents the freedom to respond with any value, words, or statements of their own choosing.
- 10Direct ObservationsData are being collected is physically observed and the data recorded based on what takes place in the process. Subjective and time consuming.
- 11Personal InterviewStructured: questions are scripted.
Unstructured: begin with one or more broadly stated questions, with further questions being based on the responses - 12Population or SystemThe set of all objects or individuals of interest or the measurements obtained from all objects or individuals of interest
- 13SampleA subset of the population
- 14CensusAn enumeration of the entire set of
measurements taken from the whole population - 15ParametersDescriptive numerical measures, such as an average or a proportion, that are computed from an entire population. They can also been interpreted as the constants in a mathematical (probabilistic) model of the system under study.
- 16StatisticsCorresponding measures computed for a
sample - 17StatisticalSampling methods that use selection
techniques based on chance selection - 18Non-statisticalMethods of selecting samples that use convenience, judgment, or other non-chance processes.
- 19Convenience (Nonstatistical Sampling)Collected in the most convenient manner for
the researcher - 20Judgement (Nonstatistical Sampling)Based on judgments about who in the population would be most likely to provide the needed information
- 21Simple Random SamplingEvery possible sample of a given size has an equal chance of being selected
- 22Simple Random SamplingSelection may be with replacement or without replacement
- 23Simple Random SamplingThe sample can be obtained using a table of random numbers or computer random number generator
- 24Stratified Random SamplingDivide population into subgroups (called strata) according to some common characteristic
e.g., gender, income level - 25Cluster SamplingDivide population into several “clusters,” each representative of the population (e.g., county)
- 26Quantitative DataMeasurements whose values are inherently numerical
- 27Qualitative DataData whose measurement scale is inherently categorical (e.g. marital status, political affiliation, eye color)
- 28Time-Series DataA set of consecutive data values observed at successive points in time (e.g. stock price on daily basis for a year)
- 29Cross-Sectional DataA set of data values observed at a fixed point in time (e.g. bank data about its loan customers)
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- FlashCards sobre ESTA: Chapter 1, criado por aleghandro em 30-09-2015.
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