Flashcards
Terrestrial
Flashcards do conjunto (49)
- 1Key components of soilOrganic matter, minerals, water, air.
OM: Plant residue, animal , microbial excretion. - 2Soil formationphysical and chemical/biological weathering to create smaller particles.
- 3Soil functions/servicesFunctions: carbon/climate regulation through resource allocation. decomposition biochem transformation
Services: - 4Threats to soil healthHumans: Over exploitation( agriculture and forestry) changes in land use (urbanization), invasive species, soil pollution (chemicals, land disposal)
- 5Biodiversity? Why is it important?Variability among living organisms from all sources. incl within species
Agriculture (food & water security) ecosystems (microbial health) AIr and water quality. - 6How to measure and describe it.Richness=number of species
evenness= proportion of species
equal amounts or if one species dominates? - 7Habitat loss? Fragmentation?Habitat loss is the reduction of habitat areas. Fragmentation is the isolation or breaking up of habitat areas.
- 8Drivers of habitat loss?Human pop growth, urbanization, climate change. land cover change due to agriculture expansion, infastructure development.
- 9Outcomes of habitat loss?Habitat conversion/degradation/fragmentation and biodiversity decline. overexploitation.
- 10What are biogeochemical cycles?Pathways which chemical elements move between abiotic and biotic components of the earth.
- 11Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus cycles?Carbon (photosynthesis) Primary flux. organic products from inoranic.
Nitrogen (N2) nitrogen fixing plants into nitrates and ammonium ions. - 12Element flux and storage compartments.movement of essential elements between storage compartments. Where elements are stored in large volumes over time.
- 13How are humans altering BGC's.Modifying storage and rate of fluxes. EG. Eutrophication from run off. acid rain from fossil fuels burning. ocean acidification.
- 14Invasive species?Not native to a certain area which can cause environmental harm to that area. Can be deliberate or accidental.
- 15Benign?Has little to no impact on that area. Can be determined by who deems it benign.
- 16Accidental vs deliberate.Deliberate is bringing in invasive species with purpose of translocation. Accidental like hitchhiking as a secondary by product.
- 17Mauri ora and link to RahuiMauri ora is the life force which needs to be strong to consider an environment healthy. Rahui is a maori approach which considerrs a space and how it is engaged with. Rahui can protect the mauri ora.
- 18How might culture/ values influence what is invasive.What is precious or opinion. Weather it is heald up high like the Kire to the ngatiwai tribe but harms tuatara which are valued by taonga.
- 19perceptionTreaty of waitangi = shows that there are different views and approaches and not just one way. perception isnt static and cannot be changed.
- 20Ecosystem?Living and non-living components of their environment interacting as a system through nutrient cycles and energy flow
- 21Ecosystem function and services?Functions are considered as the capability of processes within an ecosystem like nutrient cycling. the movement of inorganic and organic matter.
Services are the functions that are useful to humans. - 22Human impact on BCG'sModifying the storage compartments and rate of flux movement
- 23Fluxes?Flows of energy and matter.
- 24primary producer vs consumer?Autotrophs are primary producers produce complex organic compounds from simple inorganic substances through inorganic processes. Heterotrophs are consumers which use organic matter like plants from external environment and decompose it into smaller components
- 25differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs?Organisms which produce their own food such as plants and algae through photosynthesis and heterotrophs are organisms which cannot produce their own food but get it through autotrophs or other heterotrophs.
- 26What are the ecosystem services?functions useful to humans. a biophysical structure or process--> function-->service--> benefit--> value.
E.g. veg cove--> biomass-->harvestable food-->contribution to health-->harvestable product. - 27Difference between ecosystem functions and services.functions are the processes that occur within the ecosystem like nutrient cycling and water cycling. which transform and translocate energy and materials.
Services are the functions that are useful to humans. They provie benefits and value. - 28nutrient regulation as a function...process of storage and re-cycling nutrients by living organisms. service as maintaining healthy soil for harvests and food production.
- 29Gas regulation as a functionBiogeochemical cycle in ecosystem like CO2/O2 balance, ozone layer. maintains air quality and UV-B protection.
- 30Who is Thomas Malthus? What was his theory and was he righ?Thomas malthus had population concerns over the growing world population as he theorized that food production occured incremetially and population growth was exponential. eventually falling into the malthusian trap when population exceeds food production this famine and war. he was not entirely correct. technological advancements in agriculture and the worlds carrying capacity determined way more than we currently are at.
- 31Famine?People cannot meet their basic needs and the carrying capacity has been exceeded.
- 32Ecological footprintMeasure of consumption using space:
resources used and capacity of environment to neutralise waste. human demand on the nature. - 33Science is provisionalpermanent state of change
- 34Socially informed Subjective vs objectiveSocially informed is how your society percieves thing and understand them E.g. Rachel Carson women in science. Subjective: feeling and not measureable based on opinion or social. objective is measureable or constant based on facts and evidence
- 35environmental scienceRisen in response to human concerns. systematic study of our environment and place in it. identifying and understanding problems society has created.
- 36planetary boundariesclimate change, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone depletion, biochemical fluxes, freshwater change, land systems change, atmospheric aerosol loading, novel entities
- 37What are planetary boundaries.safe operating space for humanity wuth respect to the earth system and its processes.
- 38Climate change? Main driver?Human activities have been the main driver. its the increase in temperature and weather patterns.
- 39ocean acidification?Due to CO2 consumption. carbon-sink. Co2 dissolves and creates acid which lowers the pH.
- 40STratosphereic ozone depletionChluroflurocarbons, hole in ozone.
- 41Biogeochemical fluxesN & P cycles from storage and flux alterations impacting freshwater ecosystems
- 42Freshwater change?Blue and green water? human usage of freshwater
- 43Bioshere integrityRates of extinction
- 44Land system changeLand use by humans and how we have changed the surface.
- 45ATmoshpheric aerosol loadingIs release of burning fossil feuls an releasing it into the air natural and not natural from human useage.
- 46Novel entitiesSynthetic substances, plastic and organic pollutants)
- 47How many boundaries have we crossed.^- Biosphere integrity, novel entities, climate change. land system change, freshwater change, biogeochemical flows.
- 48safe operating spaceCan be quantified as the safe operating boundary for a system or process.
- 49HUman effects on planetary boundariesREach thresholds faster. and cross more. loss of ice sheets, greenhouse gasses, urbanisation. run-off into fresh water bodies. altering rate of fluxes and modifying storage compartments. burning of fossil feuls. carbon levels for ocean as a cabon sink
Informações
- Descrição
- Year 13 ENVISCI FlashCards sobre Terrestrial, criado por Anna Rewitzky em 21-03-2024.
- Criado por
- Anna Rewitzky · mar 2024
- Atualizado
- 21 mar 2024
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