Flashcards
Arabic terms
Flashcards do conjunto (69)
- 1fardobligatory with theological implications
- 2wajibobligatory WITHOUT theological implications
- 3sunnah mu'akkbahemphasized sunnah
- 4mustahabb/mandubvoluntary sunnah
- 5mubahpermissible
- 6makruh tanzihidisliked / discouraged/undesireable
- 7makruh tahrimidisliked ---close to haram
- 8mulkmaterial world
- 9malakutnon-material world
- 10lahutdivine world
- 11hissiyatempirical knowledge (binding)
- 12aqliyyatrational knowledge (binding)
- 13naqliyyatreported/transmitted (binding if sound transmission)
- 14kashfspiritual /own enlightenment (not objective/not binding)
- 15qat'icertainty
- 16thubutestablishment/source of knowledge or information
- 17dalalaindication (meaning of the verse/hadith is clear)
- 18dhann/ zanniprobability NOT certainty
- 19shakkdoubt/suspicion
- 20asbab al-Nuzulcircumstances of revelation: context, to whom, scope, wisdom, interpretation
- 21nashkabrogation
- 22nasikhabrogating ruling (second)
- 23mansukhabrogated ruling (comes first)
- 24sanadchain of transmission
- 25matntext (of hadith)
- 26sunnah qawliyyahstatements
- 27sunnah filiyyahactions
- 28sunnah taqriryyahconsent
- 29qawl al sahabiverdicts of companions (contentious source of law)
- 30shara'i man qablanalaws of past nations (contentious source of law)
- 31urfcustom (contentious source of law)
- 32istihsandeeper analogy, more subtle (scholars differ in this)
- 33maslaha mursalahpublic interest (contentious source of law)
-law is about public and private benefit - 34istishabpresumption of continuity / situation stays the same unless proof shows otherwise (contentious source of law)
- 35far'in qiyas--the current issue at hand
- 36aslin qiyas--the ruling in Quran/Sunnah
- 37illahin qiyas---the causative factor
- 38ta'amul and tawaruthnormative practices of the sahaba; inherited traditions (Abu Hanifah)
- 39qiyas al-usulinner and overarching logic behind rulings
- 40umum al balwagenerally and widely affects people, hard to avoid, transmitted by many
- 41mutlaqcapable of independent ijtihad
- 42muntasibcapable of ijtihad but adheres to the teacher
- 43sadd al dharaiblocking the means
- 44maqasidhigher objectives of law: faith, life (nafs) intellect, wealth (mal), lineage (nasab)
-inner spirit or reasoning - 45masadirsources of law
origin= Allah
from= quran and sunnah
instruments= ijma - 46mujtahidNOT legislators in real sense!!
discoverers, interpreters, and translators of sources - 47fiqhtechnical (later): practical rules and legal values derived by mujtahids (independent legal jurists) from particular sources and proofs
-prohibitions, obligations, permissions
-sources: Quran, Sunnah, ijma, qiyas - 48shariah-used synonymously with fiqh
-literal: watering place, road, path
-path to take---path has limits
-includes: aqidah, akhlaq, ahkam - 49mafhum mukhalfahinverse implication, implied ruling has different ruling to stated
EX. Allah the Exalted says, about the irrevocably divorced women: «If they are pregnant, maintain them until they give birth» (Sūrah at–Talāq: 6)
· Implied divergent meaning: No maintenance is owed to an irrevocably divorced woman who is not pregnant. - 50mafhum muwafaqahimplicit meaning on which the text may be silent yet is in harmony with the pronounced meaning
EX. Allah has prohibited the utterance of ‘Ugh!’ to parents, then prohibited by the same text, what is worse like verbal or physical abuse of them.
-vertical motion (↑) from a meaning to what is higher than it, and a horizontal motion (→) from a meaning to what is equal to it - 51thahirliteral/outward meaning
- 52ta'lil al-ahkamreconstruct the madhab methodology
-try to understand reasoning
-late Abbasid time - 53tarjihpreference of opinions within madhab
-sort through the rulings to give preference to some
-late Abbasid period - 54takrijderive new rules based on existing legal texts (no precedent within the school---new situation arose)
-late Abbasid period - 55ijma qawliexplicit: all express opinion, discuss, agree
- 56ijma sukutisilent: opinions expressed by some, others silent
-contentious
-Shafi'i opposed - 57adam al ilm bi al mukhalifunknown opposition: view generally held, don't know if experts oppose
- 58ijma qatiabsolute: there has never been sustained difference, tuwatur establishment
- 59ikhtilāf mustaqarrsustained scholarly difference
- 60kalamdiscursive theology: discussion of creedal beliefs using rational proofs
- 61mukallafperson responsible for actions: adult, sane mind, message must have reached them
-legally accountable - 62'amalworks, deeds
- 63taqlidblind faith/ blind following of another without one's own certainty
- 64takfirthinking a person is an apostate
- 65tafwidaffirming the wording and the meaning of the attributes, then leaving knowledge of how it is to Allah
- 66ta'wilis to take something away from its apparent meaning, and give it an another meaning or interpretation; subtle
-In Quran interpretation: explains sentences, several interpretations; the subtle, can be challenged - 67tafsirto open, expound; explains words of Quran, the apparent meaning, 1 interpretation, unquestionable
- 68bi'dahintroduce a theological idea into religion that is not part of it
-unprecedented
-then believe it is part of faith - 69mihnastatewide theological inquisition under Abbasid---must support Mutazali ideas
-Ahmed ibn Hanbal tortured
Informações
- Descrição
- Diploma Intro Islamic Discipline FlashCards sobre Arabic terms, criado por Sabreena Haque em 28-11-2024.
- Criado por
- Sabreena Haque
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