Flashcards
Autonomic NS
Flashcards do conjunto (49)
- 1What does the Autonomic nersous system control?Subconscious control over internal organs
- 2Give 4 examples of subconsciously controlled procesees?Heart rate, pupil diameter, GI motility, blood vessel contractions
- 3What are the 2 sub divisions of the Peripheral nervous system?Somatic and autonomic
- 4Give the 3 subdivisions of teh autonomic nervous system?Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric
- 5What does the enteric NS do?Innervates GI tract
- 6What does the efferent division of the PNS do?carries instructions away from CNS to effectors
- 7What dies the somatic nervous sytem control?Conscious control of skeletal/striated muscle
- 8How is the Autonomic NS split into Parasympathetic and sympathetic?Anatomically
By the location of the cell bodies of the preganglionic nerves - 9Describe the connection of the SC to the effector organ in the somatic nervous system?Axons with cell body in CNS extend out all the way to synapse with skeletal muscle
- 10Describe the connections between the spinal cord and the effector organs in the Autonomic nervous sytem?2 neurone chain with the preganglionic nerve with cell body in CNS that synapses in the ganglion to post ganglionic nerve
- 11What is a ganglia?where cell bodies of many peripheral post ganglionic nerves cluster forming swellings
- 12Where do post ganglionic nerves come from and go to?cell bodies in ganglia and synapse at effector organ
- 13Give the motor efferent pathwyy of the ANS?preganglionic ---> ganglion ----> postganglionic ------> effector
- 14Describe how the post ganglionic nerve innervates the effctor?Nerve branches with many swellings (variscosities) that release neurotransmitters
- 15What is the synapse of post ganglionic nerves calledAutonomic neuroeffector junction
- 16Why do these variscosities exist?Increases ability to innervate larger areas of tissues
- 17What is the main neurotransmitter of preganglionic neerves?Acetylcholine - cholinergic transmission
- 18Give the 2 main neurotransmitters of postganglionic nerves?Acetylcholine and Noradrenaline
- 19What determines which neruotransmitter is used?Depends on the type of postganglionic nerve
- 20What is it called when the non major neurotransmitters are used in autonomic transmission?Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission
- 21What are the neurotransmitters in NANC transmission known as?Co-transmitters
- 22What are the 2 types of co-transmitters?neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
- 23What do neurotransmitters ijn NANc do?aid main neurotransmitter
- 24What do neuromodulators do?Aid/ inhibit main neurotransmitter
- 25What does the ANS do in relation to efferent output?conveys all efferent output from CNS to body apart from motor innervation of skeletal muscle
- 26What does the ANS mostly regulate?Non-voluntary homeostasis
- 27Give 4 homeostatic functions regulated by ANS?Heart beat
contraction of smooth muscle in blood ves
exocrine secretions
energy metabolism - 28What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?fight or flight response
increases in stress and increasing HR - 29What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?role in rest and digest to return body to resting state eg decrease HR
- 30How do the sympathtic and parasympathetic systems work?They work in opposing effects in some states but together in others
maintain normal conditions - 31How is the ANS innervated?By sensory information from control centres in the brain
- 32Define parasympathetic nerves?cell bodies of postganglionic nerves lie in cranial and sacral regions of the CNS
- 33Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurones synapse?synapse in ganglia near or within effector tissues
- 34Name a main parasympathetic nerve?Vagus nerve
- 35What do the preganglionic nerves from the sacral region do?Form pelvis plexuses with ganglia
- 36How long are parasympathetic preganglionic neurones?Long ( travel all way to effector)
- 37How long are parasympathetic postganglionic neurones?Short
- 38Define sympathetic nerves?Preganglionic cell bodies lie in the thoracic lumbar region of the CNS
- 39What do the sympathetic nerves form that is different to parasympathetic nerves?Create a paravertebral sympathetic chain
- 40Give the 3 places that preganglionic sympathetic nerves synapse?Paravertebral chain, prevertebral ganglia and adrenal medulla
- 41Describe path of sympathetic nerves that synapse in paravertebral sympathetic chains?Pre and post ganglionic axons can extend up and down chain before synapsing
- 42Describe path of preganglionic nerves that synapse in prevertebral gnaglia?form synapses with ganglia in abdominal cavity
- 43name 3 main abdominal cavity ganglia?coeliac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia and hypogastric ganglia
- 44Describe path of preganglionic nerves to adrenal medulla?Some nerves run in splanchnic nerve and terminate on chromaffin cells in adrenal glands
- 45Give the length of sympathetic preganglionic fibres?generally short
- 46Give the length of sympathetic postganglionic fibres?Longer (not always)
- 47What receptors are used in the sympathetic NS pathways?alpha or beta adrenoreceptors
- 48What receptors are found in parasympathetic pathway?Muscarinic receptors
- 49Name an effector where both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have same eggecvt?Salivary glands