Flashcards
ESM final
Flashcards do conjunto (88)
- 1CommunitiesGroups of interacting species that occur together at the same time.
- 2AuthorityAcceptance of knowledge b/c the source is highly respected
- 3Thermohaline CirculationAn oceanic cirrculation pattern that drives the mixing of surface h20 and deep h20
- 4upwellingthe upward movement of ocean h20 toward the surface as a result of diverging currents
- 5Resiliencehow quickly it can return to original condition
- 6GyresA large scale pattern of h2o circulation that moves clockwise in the N. Hemisphere and Counter clockwise in the S. Hemisphere
- 7Littoral ZoneThe shallow zone of soil and h2o in lakes and ponds where most algae and emergent plants grow
- 8Limnetic Zonea zone of open h20 in lakes and ponds
- 9phytoplanktona set of trials expressed by an individual
- 10Global Changechange that occurs in the chemical biological and physical properties of the planet
- 11Global Climate Changechanges in the climate of the earth
- 12Global Warmingrefers to one aspect of global climate change: the warming of the oceans, landmasses and the atmosphere of the earth
- 13Major Greenhouse GasesCarbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous Oxide(N2O)
Ozone(CO3) - 14HypothesisA Prediction
- 15Rank Abundance CurveShows the abundance of each species in rank order
- 16ObservationalSurveys
Naturalistic
Spatially Balanced Surveys - 17DataUsed to disprove null hypothesis
- 18Intuitioncoming to direct knowledge without reasoning and without evidence
- 19Global Ocean CurrentsDriven by differential heating and/or changes in density
- 20Functional GroupSpecies that function in similar ways but do not necessarily use the same resources
- 21Why do functional characteristics work better than taxonomic?B/C they reflect ecological processes:
Competion
Resource Partioning
Ecological Filters - 22Resource Partioningspecies divide a resource based on difference in the species behavior or morphology
- 23Type 2 ErrorFalse Negative
- 24Type 1 ErrorP-Value
False Positive - 25Tropical RainforestA warm and wet biome found between 20N and 20S of the equator, with little seasonal temperature variation and high precipitation
- 26Evolution By Natural SelectionNatural Selection - environment determines which individuals will survive
Smaller fish had size trait adaptations that resulted in higher fitness and thus higher reproductive success - 27Types of EvolutionNatural Selection
Allopatric
Artifical Selection
Random - 28Evolutionthe change in genetic composition of a population over time
- 29Why is function so useful?B/C it reflects ecological processes:
1. Evolution and Biodiversity
2. Competion and Resource Partitioning
3. Ecological Filters - 30Groundwater vs. HumansGroundwater recharge and withdraw impact water available for human use
- 31watershedan area of land that drains precipitaion to a common point
- 32major drivers of extinctioninbreeding depression
habitat loss
inavasive species
overharvest
pollution
climate change - 33Extripationwhen a species becomes extinct locally
- 34endangereda species at serious risk of becoming extinct globally
- 35extinctionwhen the last member of a species dies
- 36anthropocenegeological term to describe the time at which humans begin to significantly affect earth's ecological processes
- 37anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gasesfossil fuels
farming and deforestation
industry - 38natural sources of greenhouse gasesvolcanic eruption
decomposition
Nitrogen cycle - 39allopatric evolutionresult of geographic isolation ultimately the species become so different that they can no longer breed and produce viable offspring
- 40Evolution by random processeschange in the commotion over time as a result of stochastic(random) processes particularly important in small populations
- 41Competitionstruggle of individuals to obtain a limiting resource
- 42competitive exclusion principletwo species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist
- 43competition and resource partitioningspecies divide a resource based on difference in the species behavior or morphology
- 44Fundamental Nichethe abiotic conditions under which individual species survive grow and reproduce
- 45communityall the populations of organisms within a given area
- 46individuala single organism
- 47populationall of the individuals that belong to the same species and live in a given area
- 48biodiversity of the earththree scales:
ecosystem
species
genetic - 49environmental filtersthe biotic community in a given area is the result of the "filtering effect" of available niche space (habitat) on organism traits
- 50Taxonomic Affinitygroups of related species
- 51ecoregionparticular location on earth distinguished by its mix of interaction biotic and abiotic components (includes disturbance)
- 52Empiricismthe acquisition of knowledge through experience or through observing events
- 53climatemost fundamental charateristic of the physical environment
- 54biomesa geograpic region categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation and distinctive plant growth forms on land and a particular combo of salinity depth and h20 flow in h20
- 55Resistancehow easily it is to disturb an ecological system
- 56continuousboth independent and dependent variables are numbers
- 57profundal zonea region of h2o where sunlight does not reach below limnetic zone in very deep lakes
- 58productivity limitationswhen temp line is above precip line the biome productivity is priced limited and vice versa
- 59succesionchange in an ecological community over time
- 60environmental stressora action agent or condition that impairs the structure of function of a biological system
- 61evenessrelative abundance of the taxa compared with one another
- 62rationalismthe acquistion of knowledge through reasoning and logic
- 63speciesdiveristy and species composition are important descriptions of community structure
- 64experimentalmodels
lab-based
field-based (insitu) - 65rain shadowa region with dry conditions found on leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side
- 66El Nino Southern Oscilationthe periodic changes in winds and ocean currents, causing coolrt an wetter conditions in SE US and unusually dry weather in Southern Africa and SE Asia
- 67categoricalindependent variables are not numbers
- 68aphotic zonethe layer of ocean h2o that lacks sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis
- 69photic zonethe upper layer of h20 in the ocean that receives enough sunlight acting on compounds such as nitrogen oxides
- 70benthic zonethe muddy bottom of a lake, pond or ocean
- 71compositionindentity of taxa present in the community
- 72ecosystem boundaryoften subjuective based on needs of the study or research
- 73disturbanceshort term change in environmental conditions that causes a change in environmental communities
- 74taxongroup of organisms with similar characteristics within a taxanomic rank
- 75sample unita selection of a unit for measuring from which statistics are used to estimate the whole
- 76diversitycombines species richness and species evenness
- 77richnessnumber of taxa in a community
- 78biomecharacterized by temp, precip and plant forms
- 79tenacityaceptance pf beliefs or ideologies based only on the fact that these beliefs have been long held
- 80bioticliving
- 81species accumulation curvespecie richness is plotted as a function of the total number of individuals that have been counted with each sample
- 82abioticnon-living
- 83Coriolis Effectthe deflection of an objects path due to the rotation of the earth
- 84environmental scienceinterdispilinary field that encompasses the study of biotic and abiotic components of systems
- 85false positivehypothesis is supported
- 86false negativehypothesis is not supported
- 87ecosystem scalevary greatly in size and complexity
- 88Null Hypothesisdisproves hypothesis
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- FlashCards sobre ESM final , criado por antruiz em 05-12-2015.
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