Flashcards
485: Test 1 Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Nursing
Flashcards do conjunto (52)
- 1Rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture. A system of principles that govern the actions of the nurse in relation to patients, families, healthcare providers, policymakers, and society as a whole.Ethics
- 2Interdisciplinary field within healthcare that has evolved with modern medicine to address questions that arise as science & technology produce new ways of knowing.Bioethics
- 3A succinct statement of the ethical values, obligations, duties, and professional ideals of nurses individually and collectively. It is the profession’s non-negotiable ethical standard.Code of ethics
- 4The fundamental responsibility of the nurse is fourfold: What are they?To provide health
To prevent illness
To restore health
To alleviate suffering - 5What are the 4 principles that guide current bioethical decision-making?Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Distributive Justice - 6What are some ethical issues that arise created by technology?Life
End-of-Life
Dilemmas In Between - 7The equitable distribution of scarce resources among all socioeconomic groups and populations.distributive justice
- 8What are some examples of distributive justice in the allocation of scarce resources?organ transplant, chemotherapy treatments. IVF
- 9The limitation of access to or the equitable distribution of medical services through controls.rationing healthcare
- 10The ethical requirement of distributive justice assumes______ will be neededrationing
- 11Self-determination. Respect for the patient’s decision-making capabilities.Autonomy
- 12Promote good Professional duty and moral obligation to undertake positive actions aimed at safeguarding the health & welfare of patients.Beneficence
- 13Do no harm. The harm should not be disproportionate to the benefits of treatmentNonmaleficence
- 14Fair & equal treatment for all. Patients receive what they deserve & have their needs met.Justice
- 15Truth telling. Information should be accurate & truthful.Veracity
- 16Dedication, loyalty, advocacyFidelity
- 17“Father’s Knows Best” approachPaternalism
- 18Benefit vs. RiskIntegrity & Totality
- 19Selfless concern for the well-being of others.Altruism
- 20Respect for the inherent worth & uniqueness of people & populations.human dignity
- 21Acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics.Integrity
- 22Fair & equal treatment to all regardless of economic status, race, age, disability, sexual orientation, and ethnicity.Social justice
- 23A choice between two actions that will affect the well-being of a personEthical delimma
- 24What are the most common ethical & bioethical issues encountered in nursing?Patient freedom vs Nurse control
Reproductive rights
Honesty vs Information
The Minor Dilemma
The Battle of Beliefs
Resource Management - 25Generally consist of doctors, nurses, on-staff chaplain, social worker, administrative personnel, legal representative, and a surrogate decision maker for the patient.ethics committees
- 26What are the four topics for analysis in clinical ethics cases:1. Medical Implications: Principles of Beneficence & Nonmaleficence
2. Quality of Life: Principles of Beneficence & Nonmaleficence & Respect for Autonomy
3. Patient Preferences: Principle of Respect for Autonomy
4. Contextual Features: Principles of Loyalty & Fairness - 27An approach that supports what is best for most people, rooted in the assumption that an action or practice is right if it leads to the greatest possible balance of good consequence or to the least possible balance of bad consequence.ethical theory: Utilitarianism (Consequentialism)
- 28An approach that is rooted in the assumption that humans are rational and act out of principles that are consistent and objective and compel them to do what is right.Ethical theory: deontology
- 29is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence or reality as well as the basic categories of being and their relationsethical theory: ontological
- 30focuses primarily on anticipating, preventing, diagnosing, and treating symptoms experienced by patients with a serious or life-threatening illness. The ultimate goal is to improve quality of life for both the patient & the family, regardless of the diagnosis.Palliative care
- 314 Barriers to Palliative Care in the Acute Care Setting1. Communication: Talking with patients & doctors regarding palliative care issues
2. Patient Identification
Inability to identify patients due to lack of knowledge regarding criteria
3. Nurse Comfort Level: Inability to identify own issues regarding death & dying
4. Proper Pain Assessment: Inability to assess physical/psychological distress - 32Project was initiated in February 2000 and has trained over 17,500 healthcare professionals representing all 50 states.End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Project
- 33Patients at the end-of-life with the awareness of imminent death must complete certain tasks to experience a peaceful death. What are the tasks?Offering forgiveness
Being forgiven
Acknowledging regrets
Finding closure in professional & personal relationships
Saying goodbye to family and friends. - 34How many provisions are there in the ANA code of ethics?9
(Ill list them all if she says we need to in class) - 35What are essential nursing values?Altruism
autonomy
human dignity
integrity
social justice - 36What are the most common ethical & bioethical dilemmas encountered in nursing from the powerpoint?Patient freedom vs Nurse control
Reproductive rights
Honesty vs Information
The Minor Dilemma
The Battle of Beliefs
Resource Management - 37How will ethical & bioethical issues in nursing & health care affect your professional practice?Life
end of life
delimmas inbetween - 38What are the ethical concepts applied to nursing?To provide health
To prevent illness
To restore health
To alleviate suffering - 39What are the four ethical principles that guide current bioethical decision-making?Benevolence
nonmalefecence
autonomy
distributive justice - 40What is the difference between ethics and bioethics?ociety rule of conduct vs role of conduct with modern medicine and technology
- 41What is distributive justice and what is its assumed ethical requirement?Distributing resources
vs
more meaningful life, best possible outcome, who can pay - 42What are the barriers to palliative care discussed on the powerpoint presentation?Communication
patient identification
nurse comfort level
proper pain asseement - 43What is double effect?Action with 2 possible effects. Medication relive pain but quicken their death
- 44What four conditions make double effect ethically acceptable?1. The good effect has to be intended and therefore is not morally wrong.
2. The bad effect is not intended but can be foreseen; that is, causing reparatory depression can result in death.
3. The bad effect cannot be the means to the good effect. In this example, pain relief is not achieved by ending a patient life.
4. The symptom must be severe enough to warrant taking risk; that is, administering this dose at this time is needed to relieve the pain. - 45What is palliative sedation?The use of sedating medications to relieve refractory or intolerable symptoms when other pharmacologic measures have failed. What four symptoms are considered intolerable thereby making palliative sedation as an option in patient care? Pain, dyspnea, delirium with agitation
- 46What is medically futile treatment?Treatment without any physiological benefit.
- 47What are the six benefits of palliative care in the improvement of quality of life?1. Relief of symptoms
2. optimization of function
3. promotion of healing and comfort
4. fostering of appropriate hope
5. genuine coordination of care at times of transitions between health care providers
6. if anticipated, patient and family are given opportunity and assistance in exploring and preparing for hospice. - 48What was identified by the Institute of Medicine IOM as a specific gap in end-of-life care in the acute care setting?W/O a palliative care team, bedsides nurses who do not work with those at the end-of-life are at a disadvantage when caring for them on an infrequent basis.
Bedside RNs do not effectively assess pain in patients at the end-of-life.
This creates a gap in pain assessment & management leading to a decrease in quality of life. - 49Pain in palliative care patients is further complicated by the presence of other symptoms. What are the 8 symptoms listed in the textbook?1. dyspnea
2. insomnia
3. constipation
4. N/V
5. anxiety
6. depression
7. delirium
8. fatigue - 50What is the “work of dying”?Patients at the end-of-life with the awareness of imminent death must complete certain tasks to experience a peaceful death.
Offering forgiveness
Being forgiven
Acknowledging regrets
Finding closure in professional & personal relationships
Saying goodbye to family and friends. - 51What were two landmark cases discussed in the textbook that helped establish the patient’s right to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment? What did they generate support for?Quinlan- use of hospital ethics committees to review decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatments
Cruzan- patient self-determination act. Patient needs rights and safeguards in the form of clear and convincing evidence in the interest in preserving life. - 52Quinlan- use of hospital ethics committees to review decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatments Cruzan- patient self-determination act. Patient needs rights and safeguards in the form of clear and convincing evidence in the interest in preserving life.1. Treating the patient for the families sake
2. Inability to adequately manage medications
3. Withholding or withdrawing food an fluids or treatments.
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- FlashCards sobre 485: Test 1 Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Nursing , criado por brittny beauford em 05-02-2017.
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