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Flashcards

ANS2 Digestive System Lecture

patience.almazan Inglês 72 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (72)

  1. 1What are the functions of the GI tract?Receiving, conducting, storing, digestion, absorption, absorbing water, defecating
  2. 2What is the function of the headgut?Receiving
  3. 3What is the function of the foregut?conducting, storage, and digestion
  4. 4What is the function of the rumen?Storage-making suitable environment to bacteria can digest
  5. 5Why is low pH important?acid denatures protein; chemically breaking down food
  6. 6How do animals digest food?enzymatically and acidicly
  7. 7True or False: Midgut and hindgut overlap.True! Amount of overlap is dependent upon species.
  8. 8What is the function of the esophageal sphincter?To prevent backsplash of stomach acid into the esophagus
  9. 9Describe beak specialization.Beak is adapted to whatever the bird eats.
  10. 10ProventiriculusThe acid stomach
  11. 11Function of the cropstorage, some secretions
  12. 12Gizzardstrong muscle that grinds the food, helps denature protein, enters food into the duodenum
  13. 13Pancreassecretes insulin, massive amounts of digestive enzymes that operate in basic pH
  14. 14Duodenumshort first section of the small intestine with the pancreas
  15. 15Describe ceca in birdsHave paired ceca, not necessary for life
  16. 16Describe the Parotid gland and where its location.Salivary glands located behind the ears, near the lymph nodes
  17. 17Describe teeth variation among speciesteeth adapted to the food the species eats
  18. 18What do Goblet cells do?Secrete mucus that is used to line the cells and protect them
  19. 19What do parietal cells do?secrete HCL
  20. 20What do chief cells do?secrete pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase
  21. 21What does the gall bladder do?secretes bile to assist with lipid absorption
  22. 22Where is the gall bladder located?Sits on the liver
  23. 23What are the functions of the gall bladderDumps into the duodenum, buffers to bring pH of food up to neutral, drops in molecules to digest fats
  24. 24What is the purpose of small intestinal folds?To increase surface area
  25. 25What is peyer's patch?A diffused lymph node
  26. 26What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine?increase surface area
  27. 27Describe the Glycocalyx and it's functionLayer above the microvilli. Provides for adsorption and includes enzymes that are essential for the final steps of digestion of proteins and sugars, cushions and protects cell membrane from chemical injury, enables the immune system to recognize and selectively attack foreign organism
  28. 28True or False: The epithelium of the gut is a monotonous sheet of functionally identical cells.False!
  29. 29True or False: The epithelium of the gut is not a monotonous sheet of functionally identical cells.True!
  30. 30What links epithelial cells along the gastrointestinal tract?tight junctions
  31. 31True or False: Tight junctions linking epithelial cells vary considerably in permiability along the GI tract.True!
  32. 32True or False: Tight junctions linking epithelial cells do not vary in permiability along the gastrointestinal tract.False!
  33. 33True or False: As ingesta travels throough the intestine, it is sequentially exposed to regions having epithelia with very different characteristics.True!
  34. 34True or False: Even within a given segment there are major differences in the type of transport that occurs.True!
  35. 35What are the two routes for transport of molecules and ions across the gut epithelium?1.Across the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells (transcellular route) 2.Across tight junctions between epithelial cells (paracellular route)
  36. 36True or False: There is only one route for transport of molecules and ions across the gut epithelium.False! There are 2.
  37. 37What are tight junctions impereable to?large organic molecules from the diet (amino acids & glucose)
  38. 38How are large organic molecules from the diet such as amino acids & glucose transported?by the transcellular route, and only because the plasma membrane of the absorptive enterocytes is equipped with transporter molecules that facilitate entry into and out of the cells.
  39. 39True or False: Large organic molecules are transported across the paracellular route.False. Transcellular route
  40. 40Describe the paracellular route of molecules and ions across the gut epithelium.Molecules and ions are transported across tight junctions between epithelial cells
  41. 41Describe the Transcellular route of molecules and ions across the gut epithelium.Molecules & ions are transported across the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells.
  42. 42What are the components of saliva?amylase and bicarbonate
  43. 43Name at least one component of Gastric Juice.Pepsinogen, HCl, rennin in infants, "intrinsic factor"
  44. 44Name at least one component of Pancreatic Juice.Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxy- and aminopeptidase, lipase, amylase, maltase, nucleases, bircarbonate
  45. 45Name at least one component of bile.Fats and fatty acids, bile salts, and pigments, cholesterol
  46. 46Describe the texture of the reticulum.Honey-comb
  47. 47Describe the texture of the rumenpippili
  48. 48Describe the keel of sternum of a bird.a ridge along the center of the breast
  49. 49What is another term for breast muscles (in a bird)?superior pectoral
  50. 50What color are the superior pectoral usually and what color are they in chickens and turkeys?They are dark red, but in chicken and turkey they are much lighter in color.
  51. 51What color is the liver in non-laying birds and laying birds and why is there are difference.In non-laying birds its dark red, in laying birds its yellowish because of large amounts of accumulated fat.
  52. 52True or False: The liver in non-laying birds is ordinarily yellowish and in laying birds it's usually dark red.False! (the other way around)
  53. 53What color is the Gall Bladder?Greenish
  54. 54What is the spleen attached to (in birds)?Proventriculus
  55. 55List the 5 regions of the Oviduct.1.Infindibulum 2.Magnum 3. Isthmus 4.Shell gland 5.Vagina
  56. 56What does the magnum secrete?albumen
  57. 57What does the isthmus secrete?Shell membrane
  58. 58True or False: The isthmus secretes albumen.False! It secretes the shell membrane
  59. 59True or False: The magnum secretes albumen.True!
  60. 60True or False: The horse is a nonruminant that does not have a digestive tract similar to a hog.False! It does have a digestive tract similar to a hog.
  61. 61What animal does the horse digestive tract look like?Hog
  62. 62What are the 3 differences between a pig and horse digestive tract?1. Horse's is proportionally larger 2.The horse has no gall bladder. 3.The horse has a greatly enlarged cecum and large intestine.
  63. 63True or False: the horse has a gall bladder.False! It doesn't have a gall bladder.
  64. 64What part of the ruminant stomach is analogous to the pig's stomach?Abomasum-true stomach.
  65. 65What does the Central Lacteal contain?Arteriole, Venule, and capillary
  66. 66What does active transport require?ATP (energy)
  67. 67What does the transcellular route require?ATP (energy) and transporter protein (burns energy)
  68. 68What does the glycocalyx do to viruses and pathogens?It traps viruses and pathogens to keep them out of the epithelial cells
  69. 69What is the last place of digestion and why?Glycocalyx because it breaks food down into building blocks
  70. 70Describe the texture of the omasum.It has smooth folds
  71. 71Where does fermentation occur in ruminant animals?the rumen
  72. 72What happens if you upset the rumen?You upset the biochemistry of the cow and get too many keytones in circulation = sick animals

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FlashCards sobre ANS2 Digestive System Lecture, criado por patience.almazan em 25-04-2014.
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