Flashcards
Hubert Walter
Flashcards do conjunto (8)
- 1Hubert Walter: - Archbishop of Canterbury 1193-1295 - Justiciar 1193-1198 - Chancellor - 1199 - 1205 'One of the greatest royal ministers of all times'Role of justiciar: in overall charge of the law courts. Had powers to act on behalf of the king as circumstances dictated. Principle duty was to ensure that the king's will was done
Control of royal finances and administration of justice - 2The previous justiciar in Richard's reign, Longchamp, had not survived the power struggle with John.Most influential justiciar of all was Hubert Walter - 1193 1198. He had accompanied Richard I on crusade (where he shone as an effective leader) and visited him in Germany during his captivity. When he returned to England April 1193 he was elected archbishop of Canterbury, and justiciar in the December
- 3Hubert dealt with revolts from John whilst Richard was in France in 1194. In May 1194 Hubert was left in sole control of the kingdom. He was 'an administrator of exceptional competence and ability, responsible for maintaining peace and dispensing justice'Successfully rose the vast sums required for Richard's ransom and then for his wars against Philip in France. Hubert's administration was 'a finely tuned machine' geared to the needs of war finance
Hubert was not concerned with raising money, he just supervised - 4Implementations to raise money whilst Hubert was justiciar: 1) Carucage (land tax) of 1198 was a new type of tax, the Exchequer of the Jews (established to oversee Jewish money lending 3) Scrutages (payment of knights instead of military service) Between 1194-98 (Hubert's time being justiciar) the Exchequer accounted £25 000Hubert most famous for record keeping. Courts began to keep rolls, recording their decisions. New types of legal records were devised, particularly concerning land. Keeping third copies of documents concerning land transfer for the royal archieves (previously only 2 copies - one for each party)
These rolls formed the basis of the first legal text books in the following century - 5All the letters issued in the king's name began to be kept for the first time. Hubert responsible for their introduction (was royal chancellor between 1199 and 1205 as well, a period where records have been found)Major political achievement as justiciar was the pacification (appeasing) of the realm after the turmoil of Richard's absence, opposition to Longchamp and the rebellion of John
- 6Fully committed to his roles. Unlike Thomas Becket, when secular circumstances demanded, Hubert ignored clerical privileges. Unlike many, including perhaps Pope Innocent III, Hubert saw no contradiction in merging secular and ecclesiastical responsibilities. Hubert was what Henry II hoped Becket would be. Though Hubert was not a great religious leader, he was efficient and thorough in all church businessResigned as justiciar in 1198. Mainly due to mounting pressures, and conflicts between his ecclesiastical and government duties made him the target of criticism from both sides. May have been a willing recognition, as he had spoken of giving up secular affairs since 1194. However, some medieval sources state he was forced out by the king - most likely angered by the dissatisfying results of the carucage 1198
- 7In 1199, though initially reluctant, he decisively supported the accession of John, receiving the chancellorship as an immediate reward. Immediately Hubert displayed his talents in the chanceryHe advised King John on all matters relating to government, politics and administration. Held so much influence that he managed to dissuade John from his 1205 campaign
- 8Arguably corrupt? As justiciar and chancellor, in office he had the large sums of money pass through his hands, that would not be accounted for for years. His rank thus allowed him to live lavishly - he died a very wealthy manConc: Hubert provided the king with money and solutions to problems. Familiar with the exchequer, chancery, court and the church, his versatility and command made him much more than a serviceable bureaucrat. He set a standard of efficiency his successors could only try to match
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- AS - Level A Level History Revision (6. Richard's Reign) FlashCards sobre Hubert Walter, criado por Charlotte Peacock em 02-05-2014.
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- Charlotte Peacock
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